2024-04-29-世界卫生组织-Multi-country_outbreak_of_mpox,_External_situation_report_32-_30_April_2024_20页_809kb

Epidemiological Summary

• Global Cases: As of January 2022 through March 2024, WHO reported 95,226 laboratory-confirmed mpox cases and 185 deaths across 117 countries. A decline in new cases was observed in March 2024 (466 cases), but surveillance likely underestimates due to reduced reporting.

• Regional Distribution: The African Region had the most cases (95,226 cumulative, highest in Democratic Republic of the Congo), followed by the European Region and Region of the Americas. Cases peaked in mid-2022 and declined, with Africa showing fluctuating trends.

• Population Demographics: Cases are predominantly male (96.4%), median age 34 years. Transmission via sexual contact is common (83.4%), with under-18 cases mostly in the Region of the Americas.

Risk Assessment

• Overall Risk: Moderate for general populations in historical outbreak countries (e.g., DRC high risk), moderate for key risk groups (men who have sex with men, sex workers, trans, and gender diverse people), and low for unaffected countries.

• Varying Levels: High risk in DRC general population; low in non-affected countries. Individual risk varies by behavior, geography, and immune status.

Key WHO Updates

• Vaccination: WHO SAGE recommended updated vaccine strategies for outbreak settings, including vaccinating at-risk populations, with calls for research in Africa and equitable access. Final recommendations expected in May 2024.

• Diagnostics: New guidance on mpox testing issued due to viral variants that evade detection, emphasizing coupled clade-specific and generic PCR assays.

• International Response: High-level meeting in DRC involved 12 countries, leading to commitments like a regional mpox taskforce, surveillance enhancements, and community engagement strategies. In DRC, response includes vaccinate and case management for children.

Current Challenges

• Declining global reporting may mask true case numbers; DRC faces a novel variant strain. Ongoing efforts focus on preparedness, treatment, and collaboration.