2024-05-30-世界卫生组织-Multi-country_outbreak_of_mpox,_External_situation_report_33-_31_May_2024_19页_1mb

Multi-country Mpox Outbreak Summary from WHO External Situation Report 33 (May 31, 2024)

• Risk Assessment: Long-term moderate risk for high-risk groups (e.g., gay men, bisexual men) in affected countries; low risk for unaffected populations; high risk in Democratic Republic of the Congo. Population average risk varies with behavior, location, and immune status.

• Epidemiological Overview:

  • As of April 2024, cumulative cases: 97,208 globally, including 186 deaths. New cases in April: 528 (21.2% decline from March, but likely underreported).
  • Highest case counts: US (32,820), Brazil (11,212), Spain (7,992), Colombia, and France.
  • Most affected regions: Americas (43.8% of April cases), Africa, and Europe. East Mediterranean region had no cases in April.
  • Data underestimation due to declining surveillance, testing limitations (e.g., 16% tested rate in DRC rural areas), and reporting gaps.

• Key Findings: mpox transmission persists at low levels; DRC accounts for majority (99.6%) of monthly cases; transmission dominated by sexual contact. Median age of cases is 34 years (interquartile range: 29-41); male patients predominate in non-African regions.

• Strategic Framework: New WHO framework (2024-2027) published for mpox prevention and control, aiming to eliminate human-to-human transmission through integrated health programs, surveillance, and community engagement. Objectives include outbreak control, research advancement, and zoonotic mitigation.

• Technical Updates: WHO issued interim guidance on mpox diagnostics, surveillance, clinical management, and risk communication. Emphasis on filling surveillance and countermeasure gaps in low-resource settings.

• Challenges: Reporting declining globally; underreporting common due to access issues and country-level data non-reporting. Recommendations call for international cooperation, resource sharing, and community-inclusive approaches.

• Additional Notes: Annexes detail case counts and regional breakdowns. Data subject to verification; underestimation likely.