2023-03-29-世界卫生组织-Multi-country_outbreak_of_mpox,_External_situation_report_19_-_30_March_2023_16页_917kb

报告摘要

Summary of Multi-country mpox Outbreak (WHO Report)

Global Overview

Since 1 January 2022, there have been 86,724 laboratory-confirmed mpox cases, with 112 deaths, across 110 countries. The global risk is moderate; cases have declined weekly, with a 20% drop in the last reporting week, but this is offset by an increase in the Western Pacific region, primarily in Japan.

Regional Distribution

Western Pacific Region: Cases rising due to an outbreak in Japan involving local transmission among men.
Americas and Europe: Outbreaks show declining trends, but sustained transmission in some countries like the US and Brazil.
African Region: High cases (e.g., Nigeria and DRC) with more consistent transmission; average age 19.9 years, predominantly young males.
Eastern Mediterranean and South-East Asia: Sporadic cases, with few deaths reported.

Epidemiologic Details

Most cases (96.4%) are men, with a median age of 34 years. MSM account for 84.2% of cases, and sexual contact is the primary transmission route.
HIV prevalence among mpox cases is 48%, significantly higher than general population estimates, with higher rates in regions like the Americas (56% among MSM).
Immunocompromised individuals have higher hospitalization and mortality rates.

WHO Response

Surveillance: Enhanced systems for case detection, contact tracing, and genomic sequencing.
Public Health Measures: Risk communication focused on reducing stigma, promoting safe behaviors, and providing technical support to countries.
Resources: Interim guidelines on clinical management, vaccines, and animal health to address potential reservoirs.
Ongoing Challenges: Need for more studies on the animal reservoir, particularly in Africa.