2025年能源进展报告

Summary of Tracking SDG 7: The Energy Progress Report 2025

Core Content

Tracking SDG 7: The Energy Progress Report 2025 is a comprehensive global assessment of progress toward Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7), which aims to "ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all." The report is produced annually by five custodian agencies: the International Energy Agency (IEA), the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD), the World Bank, and the World Health Organization (WHO). It provides updated statistics on key energy indicators and policy insights for achieving SDG 7.

Main Targets and Indicators

The report tracks progress on the following key SDG 7 indicators:

• 7.1.1: Proportion of population with access to electricity
• 7.1.2: Proportion of population with primary reliance on clean fuels and technologies for cooking
• 7.2.1: Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (TFEC)
• 7.a.1: International financial flows to developing countries in support of clean energy
• 7.b.1: Installed renewable energy-generating capacity per capita

Key Findings

Access to Electricity

• Global Access: 92% of the world's population has access to electricity, up from 87% in 2010.
• 2023 Progress: 666 million people lack electricity access, a decrease of 19 million from the previous year.
• Regional Disparities:
  • Central and Southern Asia: Made significant progress, reducing the access gap from 414 million in 2010 to 27 million in 2023.
  • Sub-Saharan Africa: The access gap remains high, with 565 million people without electricity in 2023.
• Urban-Rural Divide: 84% of those without electricity live in rural areas; rural electrification lags behind urban progress.
• Decentralized Solutions: Mini-grids and off-grid solar are critical for expanding access, especially in remote areas. They are more cost-effective and faster to deploy than grid extension.
• Financing and Policy: Continued investment, innovation, and enabling policies are essential to close the access gap by 2030.

Access to Clean Cooking

• Global Access: 74% of the world's population has access to clean cooking fuels and technologies, up from 64% in 2015.
• 2023 Deficit: 2.1 billion people still rely on polluting fuels (charcoal, coal, crop waste, dung, kerosene, and wood).
• Projected Access: If current trends continue, only 78% of the global population will have access to clean cooking by 2030, leaving 1.8 billion people without clean cooking solutions.
• Regional Disparities:
  • Sub-Saharan Africa: The largest access deficit, with 14 million more people lacking access each year.
  • SIDS, LLDCs, and LDCs: Access rates are significantly below the global average (60%, 28%, and 21% respectively).
• Vulnerable Populations: Displaced populations in LDCs, LLDCs, and SIDS face severe access gaps. Clean cooking adoption has stagnated in these regions.
• Health and Equity: Access to clean cooking is crucial for health, equity, and climate protection, especially for women and children who bear the brunt of indoor air pollution.

Renewable Energy

• Global Share: Renewable energy accounted for 17.9% of total final energy consumption (TFEC) in 2022, up from 15.6% in 2015.
• Electricity Use: Renewables made up almost 30% of global electricity consumption in 2022, with a 56% increase since 2015.
• Capacity Growth: Continuous new capacity additions in wind and solar PV more than tripled generation in 2022 compared to 2015.
• Regional Variations:
  • Latin America and the Caribbean: 28% of TFEC is from modern renewable uses.
  • Sub-Saharan Africa: Renewables constitute around two-thirds of TFEC, but modern uses are only 12%.
• SDG 7.2: The goal to significantly increase the share of renewable energy in the energy mix is not yet on track.
• SDG 7.b: Installed renewable energy-generating capacity per capita rose from 248 watts to 478 watts between 2015 and 2023.

Policy Insights

• Accelerated Deployment: To meet SDG 7 targets, renewable energy deployment, energy efficiency improvements, and clean cooking access must accelerate.
• Climate and Development Goals: The current pace of progress is insufficient to meet international climate and development objectives, including the pledge to triple renewable power capacity by 2030.
• Inclusive Transition: Efforts must prioritize women and marginalized communities to ensure equitable benefits from the energy transition.
• Data and Funding: Improved data quality, tailored funding mechanisms, and technical expertise are needed for successful decentralized energy implementation.
• Regulatory and Financial Innovation: Addressing regulatory obstacles and exploring innovative financing methods, such as blended finance or monetization of environmental benefits, are critical for scaling up clean energy solutions.

International Collaboration

• The report highlights the importance of collaboration among governments, the private sector, international organizations, and civil society.
• The 2023 COP28 agreement to triple global renewable power capacity and double the average annual rate of improvement in energy efficiency is a significant step forward.
• The 2025 Dar es Salaam Declaration by 48 African countries aims to expand electricity access.

Conclusion

Despite progress in some regions, the global community remains off track to achieve universal access to electricity and clean cooking by 2030. The report emphasizes the need for greater investment, innovation, and policy support to close the access gap, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa and other vulnerable regions. Achieving SDG 7 requires a fundamental shift in energy production, distribution, and consumption, supported by inclusive strategies and long-term planning.