全球自动驾驶车辆指南-英-148页_17mb

Global Guide to Autonomous Vehicles Summary

Core Content

The Dentons 2023 Global Guide to Autonomous Vehicles provides a comprehensive overview of the legal, regulatory, and political landscape for autonomous vehicles (AVs) in 11 key countries: Australia, Canada, China, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland, South Korea, Turkey, United Kingdom, and United States. The guide aims to assist stakeholders in understanding and navigating the complex regulatory environment as the AV industry continues to grow and mature globally.

Main Views

• Regulatory Complexity: AV stakeholders face a complex and varied regulatory landscape, both across countries and sometimes within the same country.
• Need for Clear Guidance: Companies and individuals involved in the AV space require clear, consistent legal frameworks to ensure safe development and deployment.
• Focus on Safety and Compliance: Safety is a central concern, with governments working to establish national frameworks and address risks associated with AV testing and operation.
• Role of Public-Private Collaboration: There is an emphasis on the importance of collaboration between government and industry to support innovation and consumer education.

Key Information

Australia

• Regulatory Developments: The Automated Vehicle Safety Law (AVSL) is expected to be implemented as a Commonwealth law by 2026, with state and territory laws complementing it.
• Testing Rules: Driverless testing is permitted with state/territory permits, and safety management plans are required. These plans must include safety hardware and software, and remote operation capability is optional depending on the plan.
• Automation Levels: AVs are classified into six levels (0-5) by the Australian Government based on the SAE standard, with Level 3 allowing partial automation under supervision.
• Liability: The ACL and state Civil Liability Acts govern liability in AV crashes. ADSEs (Automated Driving System Entities) are not liable for their actions, but manufacturers and suppliers may be.
• Privacy: The Privacy Act 1988 and APPs (Australian Privacy Principles) govern the collection and use of personal data by AVs, including location, user behavior, and preferences.
• Testing Sites: New South Wales is set to host the largest AV testing site in the southern hemisphere, with a $10 million investment to develop the Future Mobility Testing and Research Centre.

Canada

• Multi-Level Regulation: AVs are regulated at federal, provincial, territorial, and municipal levels, requiring coordination across all levels.
• Testing Guidelines: Transport Canada released Version 2.0 of the Guidelines for Testing Automated Driving Systems, establishing nationally consistent best practices for on-road testing.
• Consumer Awareness: A J.D. Power study revealed significant knowledge gaps among Canadian consumers regarding AV technology.
• Pilot Programs: Ontario was the first province to allow on-road testing through a 10-year pilot program (2016–2026). Quebec updated its Highway Safety Code to include AVs at SAE Levels 3–5.
• Testing Initiatives: Alberta and British Columbia have launched or planned autonomous shuttle testing programs, though BCA canceled its 12-month pilot due to scheduling conflicts.
• Federal Support: The federal government proposed the creation of an independent innovation and investment agency to support AV and other tech sectors.

Summary of Key Countries

Legal and Safety Frameworks

• Safety Standards: Both countries are working to define safety obligations for AVs, including hardware/software requirements, liability frameworks, and data privacy laws.
• Liability Considerations: Manufacturers and suppliers may be liable under the ACL and state Civil Liability Acts, depending on the level of automation.
• Data Privacy: Personal information collected by AVs must be secure, relevant, and transparent, with consent and collection notices required.

Conclusion

The guide underscores the importance of national regulatory frameworks and public-private cooperation in advancing AV technology. It also highlights the need for consumer education and liability clarity as the industry moves toward full autonomy. Stakeholders are encouraged to stay informed and engage with legal experts to navigate the evolving AV landscape effectively.