2016-02-25-世界卫生组织-Zika_situation_report_-_26_February_2016_12页_856kb

ZIKA VIRUS SITUATION REPORT SUMMARY (FEb 26, 2016)

Spread and Transmission

• ZIKa virus has spread to 52 countries and territories since 2007, with rapid increase in the Americas and other regions. Key updates include autochthonous transmission in places like Brazil, the Caribbean, and the Pacific.
• Transmission is primarily through Aedes mosquitoes, but other modes are under investigation. No vaccine or specific treatment available.

Links to Health Complications

• Microcephaly cases increased in Brazil and French Polynesia, with anecdotaland ongoing investigations due to temporal and geographical associations with Zika. However, causality is not proven, and multiple factors are being explored.
• Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) incidence rose in several countries, including Brazil, Colombia, and others. Similar to microcephaly, a causal link is suspected but not confirmed, possibly influenced by other concurrent infections like dengue.

Surveillance Data

• Between 2007 and February 2016, over 52 countries reported local transmission. Brazil, for example, saw over 0.4 million estimated cases in 2015, with clusters in regions like the Northeast. Zika was also detected in the Americas and other areas, with no consistent measure of infection risk.
• Microcephaly cases surged, particularly in Brazil, with thousands reported compared to historical averages. Investigations discarded some cases, confirmed others, but 5640 suspected cases were noted.

Response and Funding

• WHO launched a strategic framework for prevention, surveillance, response, and research, with an emergency appeal for $56 million.
• Key activities include developing guidelines for vector control, sexual transmission prevention, case management, and community engagement. WHO and partners are working on global coordination and supply procurement.

Research Objectives

• Research is ongoing to confirm causal links between Zika and microcephaly, GBS, and other factors, with emphasis on diagnostics, vaccines, and treatments. Stakeholder consultations are being held to prioritize research needs.

Annex Notes

• Zika virus causes mild symptoms; microcephaly is a rare brain underdevelopment condition; GBS involves nerve damage post-infection.
• WHO resources and additional information are provided in the report annex.