2016-03-09-世界卫生组织-Zika_situation_report_-_10_March_2016_13页_832kb

ZIKA VIRUS SITUATION REPORT (10 MARCH 2016)

Summary

• The second International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee meeting declared the clusters of microcephaly and other neurological disorders in Zika-affected areas constitute a Public Health Emergency of International Concern due to increasing evidence of a causal relationship.

• Zika virus autochthonous transmission has been reported in 52 countries/territories (31 in the Americas, accelerating since Oct 2015; ~14 in other regions including Europe, Asia-Pacific, Western Pacific).

• Key associations:

  • Microcephaly: Brazil and French Polynesia show significant increases; a Brazilian cohort study suggests high risk (≈1 in 1000 births). This is presumed causal but not definitively proven.
  • Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS): Increases reported in 9 countries, strong association likely after acute Zika virus infection.

• Response measures: WHO launched a US$56 million appeal; the Strategic Response Framework focuses on surveillance, vector control, care, risk communication, and research.

Epidemiology Highlights

• Microcephaly Incidence: Brazil (Jan 2015–Mar 2016: ~6270 cases), French Polynesia (2014–2015), Central & South America; suspected cases rise with viral circulation.
• GBS: 9 countries report increased cases; strongest evidence from French Polynesia and Brazil. Covariates like co-circulating dengue/chikungunya noted.
• Transmission: Includes sexual (14% confirmed cases) and bloodborne variant modes.

Response & Strategy

• Joint operational plan: Covers care, vector control, risk communication, surveillance, and research.
• Funding appeal: US$56 million (US$25M WHO/PAHO + US$31M for partners).
• Research ongoing: Prioritizes causal linkage, pathogenesis, and diagnostic/vaccine development.

Annexes/Additional Info

• Zika virus: Caused by Aedes mosquitoes, mild symptoms; prevention focuses on mosquito control.
• Microcephaly: A congenital head abnormality, increasingly associated with Zika.
• GBS: Rare neurological condition potentially post-Zika.

Links

• WHO: Zika, Microcephaly, GBS, Infants with Microcephaly, etc.

> **Sources**:
> - [WHO Second Emergency Committee Meeting](http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2016/2nd-emergency-committee-zika/en/)
> - [REPORT ON MICROCEPHALY AND ZIKA](http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1602412)
> - [Zika Response Framework](http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/204420/1/ZikaResponseFramework_JanJun16_eng.pdf)