UNECE+共享经济及其对住房市场的影响-64页_6mb

报告摘要

Sharing Economy and its Effects on Housing Markets

Overview

The report examines the sharing economy, an economic model leveraging information and communications technology (ICT) for peer-to-peer (P2P) transactions of underutilized assets. It focuses on short-term rentals in housing, drawing on data from 43 European locations to highlight impacts, challenges, and regulatory approaches.

Key Findings

Definition and Growth: The sharing economy involves short-term peer-to-peer sharing of assets like housing via digital platforms (e.g., Airbnb). It enables timely, informed decisions, improving resource allocation efficiency through market transformation.
Positive Effects:
- Increased market transparency and efficiency through information sharing and feedback systems.
- Wealth creation through additional income streams for hosts and job generation.
- Promotes circular economy principles by reusing assets.
Negative Effects:
- Adverse impacts on housing affordability, displacement of long-term rentals, and negative externalities like overcrowding and noise pollution.
- Blurring lines between P2P and business activities complicates regulation and tax enforcement.
Empirical Evidence:
- Across 43 locations, short-term rental density averages around 1.5% of housing stock, with high concentrations in tourist areas.
- Occupancy rates vary, but high rotation drives wealth generation, contributing up to 2.3% of local GDP in some cities.
- Price spill-over effects are evident, with demand concentration in city centers and coastal areas leading to rent increases.
- Business-oriented hosts manage up to 23% of units, indicating a transition from P2P to conventional business models.
Regulatory Approaches:
- Cities employ a mix of restrictions, including limits on rental days, host identification requirements, registration systems, and zoning controls.
- Regulations aim to address affordability, negative externalities, and market competition, but enforcement is often challenging.
Concluding Notes:
- The sharing economy and short-term rentals significantly impact urban housing markets, requiring tailored, data-driven policies to balance benefits and drawbacks.
- Recommendations include enhancing statistical data collection and adapting regulations to specific local contexts.