2024-09-09-IEA-英国2024年能源政策审查（英）_109页_2mb

Energy Transition: The UK was the first major economy to set a legally binding net zero target in 2019. Progress includes a 53% reduction in GHG emissions since 1990, meeting three carbon budgets, and policies supporting renewable energy and grid infrastructure. Challenges remain in accelerating actions to meet the 68% emissions reduction target by 2030.

Electricity and Clean Energy: The UK aims for decarbonized electricity by 2035. Nuclear and renewables are expanding with long-term ambitions of 50 GW offshore wind and 70 GW solar by 2030. Grid upgrades are essential to support electrification and grid flexibility.

Buildings: This sector accounts for 41% of energy consumption and 24% of emissions. Strategies focus on reducing fossil fuel use through electrification and heat pumps, with a 2035 deadline for gas boiler replacement. Energy efficiency measures and heat network development priorities.

Transport: The largest emitter at 36% of national GHG emissions. Transport electrification is advancing via a ZEV mandate. Biofuels are supporting decarbonization efforts, while heavy transport, aviation, and shipping require tailored policies for low-carbon fuels and infrastructure growth.

Industry: Strategies include electrification and CCUS to achieve deep decarbonization. Taxonomies and revenue streams are being developed to support investments, but energy efficiency measures and grid reliability issues present hurdles.

Oil, Gas and Critical Minerals: Production is declining; the focus is on decarbonizing upstream operations and decommissioning. Implementation of energy prices is being reviewed. Critical mineral supply chains require bolstering due to national security concerns and supporting decarbonization efforts.

Energy R&D and Innovation: The UK increased public R&D investment significantly. Support is being allocated for hydrogen and CCUS technologies. The government aims to foster international collaborations and ensure knowledge-sharing to support the energy transition.

Key Recommendations: Accelerate policy implementation, expand workforce skills, address barriers to green financing, reinforce support for critical mineral supply chains, and redefine policy costs to incentivize clean transitions.