2023-12-05-IEA-爱沙尼亚2023能源政策审查_84页_2mb

Estonia is at a critical energy transition moment, facing challenges from climate crises and the Russian invasion. The IEA commends Estonia's steps to end Russian energy trade and set ambitious targets, such as carbon neutrality by 2050 and 100% renewable electricity by 2030. However, existing policies are insufficient, and GHG emissions have rebounded due to oil shale use and land use changes.

Key findings include: greenhouse gas emissions decreased significantly since 2010, but fossil fuels still dominate energy supply; a Ministry of Climate provides broad authority; land use and forestry are major emission sources; digitalization and critical minerals (e.g., rare earth magnets) offer opportunities for innovation and decarbonization.

Recommendations: Pass a climate law for legally binding targets; reform fiscal policies to align with climate goals; accelerate renewable deployment and electrification; ensure co-ordination across energy planning; boost system flexibility through smart grids, storage, and demand response; develop strong forestry and biomass policies; and enhance energy R&D and international collaboration.

Estonia must address energy demand reduction, gas decarbonization, and just transition risks, ensuring energy affordability and supporting economic growth in the oil shale region.

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