2023-05-17-IEA-意大利2023年能源政策审查（英）_186页_4mb

Italy 2023 Energy Policy Summary

Core Content

Italy has made significant progress in its energy system transformation since 2010, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and increasing the share of renewables. The country's energy mix now includes more natural gas and renewables, with less coal and oil. Key areas of focus include energy security, climate change mitigation, energy efficiency, and the development of renewable energy sources.

Main Views

• Energy Security: Italy has reduced its dependence on Russian gas imports, with Russian gas accounting for only 3% of total gas imports by November 2022. The country aims to phase out all reliance on Russian fossil fuels by 2025.
• Climate Change: Italy is committed to achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 and has endorsed the EU's 2050 climate neutrality goal. The country has also seen a decline in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with a 30% reduction from 2005 to 2019.
• Energy Efficiency: The building sector is a major contributor to energy consumption, accounting for almost 40% of total final consumption (TFC) in 2021. Italy has implemented several energy efficiency measures, including the "Super bonus 110%" scheme, which has driven investment but is not cost-effective.
• Renewable Energy: Italy has a strong potential for renewable energy, particularly solar and wind, but deployment has slowed due to complex permitting procedures and local opposition. The country needs to accelerate renewable capacity additions to meet its 2030 targets.
• Policy Instruments: The government has launched several policy instruments to improve energy efficiency and promote renewable energy, including tax rebates and subsidies for building retrofits, and incentives for alternative fuels in the transport sector.

Key Information

Energy Mix and Consumption

• Total Energy Supply (TES) in 2021: 6259 PJ
• TES by source:
  • Natural gas: 41.8%
  • Oil: 33.0%
  • Bioenergy and waste: 10.1%
  • Other renewables: 8.9%
  • Coal: 3.7%
  • Electricity imports: 2.5%
• Total Final Consumption (TFC) in 2021: 4895 PJ
• TFC by sector:
  • Buildings: 40.1%
  • Transport: 30.2%
  • Industry: 29.7%

Energy Efficiency

• Energy intensity per GDP (TES/GDP) in 2021: 2.7 MJ per 2015 USD PPP (IEA30 average: 3.74 MJ)
• Energy intensity per capita (TES/capita) in 2021: 105.9 GJ/capita (IEA30 average: 166.7 GJ)
• Building sector is expected to contribute 60% of annual energy savings by 2030.
• The "Super bonus 110%" scheme has driven energy efficiency investment but is not cost-effective.

Renewable Energy

• In 2020, the share of renewables in gross electricity consumption was 38%, exceeding the 2020 target of 26.4%.
• Solar PV accounted for 3/4 of the 20 GW of renewable capacity added between 2010 and 2013.
• From 2014 to 2022, only 8.6 GW of new renewable capacity was added, with solar PV contributing 5.6 GW.
• Italy added 1.6 GW of new solar PV and 0.5 GW of new wind capacity in 2022.
• The NECP targets 19 GW of wind capacity by 2030.
• The government estimates that 5 GW of new renewable generation capacity must be added annually from 2020 to 2030 to meet the FF55 package's targets.

Energy Transition Challenges

• Permitting procedures for renewable projects and grid development are long and complex, slowing down deployment.
• There is a gap between desired and actual renewable energy installations.
• Regional disparities in renewable energy generation and load centres complicate grid management.
• Italy needs to simplify the permitting process and increase the capacity of the distribution and transmission grids.

Recommendations

• Revise the National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP) to align with the EU's Fit-for-55 (FF55) and REPowerEU proposals.
• Implement policies to reduce oil consumption in transport, including preferential taxation for alternative fuels.
• Accelerate the reform of permitting procedures for renewable projects and grid development.
• Focus on targeted interventions to combat energy poverty rather than untargeted tax cuts.
• Revise the "Super bonus 110%" to make it more cost-effective and better target low-income households.
• Improve coordination between the central government and regions to ensure the implementation of regional targets for renewable energy.
• Strengthen the regulatory implementation framework to support the energy transition.

Key Institutions and Players

• IEA Member Countries: Italy is a founding member of the International Energy Agency (IEA).
• IEA Association Countries: Includes Argentina, Brazil, China, and others.
• Key Organisations in Italy:
  • Ministry of Economic Development
  • Ministry of the Environment and Protection of Natural Resources and the Sea
  • Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport
• National Resilience and Recovery Plan (NRRP): A key policy instrument for energy transition and recovery from the pandemic.

Energy Poverty

• Energy poverty has become a major policy issue, especially after the 2016 Clean Energy for All European package.
• The government has implemented several measures to restore affordability, but more targeted interventions are needed.
• The "Super bonus 110%" has helped with energy efficiency investments but has not been effective in reducing costs.

International Engagement

• Italy is actively involved in international energy security and clean energy transitions.
• It participates in the International Smart Grids Action Network (ISGAN) and the Mission Innovation Green Powered Future Mission.
• The country is a leader in promoting the use of hydrogen and other low-carbon technologies.