2021-12-15-世界卫生组织-Tobacco_Sudan_2021_country_profile_10页_377kb

Sudan signed the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) on 10 June 2004 and ratified it on 31 October 2005, with a population of approximately 43.8 million and classified as a low-income country. The country's MPOWER measures focus on monitoring and smoke-free environments, with some compliance recorded for P (protection) and E (enforcement), but data is incomplete for other areas. Sudan has a national tobacco control agency with limited funding and expenditure. Smoking prevalence among adults is high, with male adult cigarette smoking rates around 24-27%, and adolescent rates around 12-14%. Treatment for tobacco dependence is lacking, with no free quit lines or full coverage of nicotine replacement therapies (NRT). Health warnings on cigarette packages cover 15% of the principal display area, but there are no rotating warnings or cost coverage details. No anti-tobacco mass media campaigns were reported between 2018 and 2020. Bans on direct and some indirect tobacco advertising are in place, but enforcement is partial. Tobacco taxation is high, with taxes accounting for 73.37% of the retail price of the most sold brand, making cigarettes less affordable. There is no earmarking of tobacco taxes for health purposes.

Monitoring tobacco use prevalence: Data is available but not recent or representative in some categories. Smoke-free environments: Some bans exist, but compliance is incomplete. Cessation services: Minimal availability and no cost coverage. Health warnings: Present but may not meet all WHO recommendations. Mass media campaigns: Absent recently. Advertising bans: Partially enforced for direct advertising but incomplete for promotion and sponsorship. Taxation: High tax share reduces affordability.