2016-07-13-世界卫生组织-Zika_situation_report_-_14_July_2016_8页_636kb

Zika Virus Situation Report: 14 July 2016 Summary

This report outlines the global spread and impacts of the Zika virus as of mid- July 2016.

Key Findings:

1. Outbreak Classification: WHO introduced a classification system (Figure 2, Table 1) for defining outbreaks, endemic transmission, and transmission interruption, effective from 7 July. By 13 July, 65 countries/territories had reported mosquito-borne Zika since 2007 (48 since 2015).

   • Category 1: Perennial or recent (2015 onwards) epidemic transmission (48 countries).
   • Category 2: Potential endemic transmission or local mosquito-borne infections in 2016 (4 countries).
   • Category 3: Previous local mosquito-borne infections (2015 or earlier) with no 2016 cases or outbreak interrupted (13 countries).

2. Transmission Modes: Beyond mosquito-borne transmission, 11 countries reported non-mosquito (presumably sexual) transmission (Table 2).

3. Human Health Impacts:

   • Microcephaly/CNS Malformations: 13 countries/territories reported such cases potentially linked to Zika (Table 3). US-CDC reported 7 infants with birth defects and 5 pregnancy losses.
   • Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS): 15 countries/territories reported increased GBS incidence or confirmed Zika infection in GBS cases (Table 4). Cases were confirmed in French Guiana and Guadeloupe; other syndromes like other severe neurologic syndrome and unidentified syndromes were noted (e.g., in Guadeloupe, French Polynesia, Saint Martin).
   • Scientific Consensus: Zika is causally linked to microcephaly and GBS based on research.

4. Public Health Response:

   • WHO released a global Strategic Response Framework (SRF) in February 2016, outlining surveillance, response, and research (Table 5). Newer strategy and interim reports were issued before and in May 2016.
   • A US CDC risk assessment suggested Rio de Janeiro Olympics posed low additional risk for residents of Eritrea, Djibouti, Chad, and Yemen contracting Zika.
   • WHO encouraged use of risk communication materials (resources available online).

Risk Assessment: The overall global risk assessment remained unchanged. Zika continued its geographic spread, vigilance was needed everywhere, and no overall decline in transmission was confirmed.