可持续银行网络（SBN）全球进展报告（英文版）_72页_4mb

报告摘要

SBN Global Progress Report Summary (February 2018)

Core Content

The Sustainable Banking Network (SBN) is a global initiative launched in 2012 by 10 countries, with support from the International Finance Corporation (IFC), to promote sustainable finance in emerging markets. As of 2018, the SBN has grown to 34 member countries, representing $42.6 trillion in banking assets—more than 85% of total banking assets in emerging markets. The report highlights the progress made by these countries in developing and implementing sustainable finance policies and principles.

The SBN's Global Progress Report introduces an innovative measurement framework to evaluate the development and impact of sustainable finance initiatives across member countries. This framework assesses three key pillars: Environmental and Social (E&S) Risk Management, Green Finance Flows, and the Enabling Environment. The report is based on data from 15 country progress reports, which together account for $38.3 trillion in banking assets—more than 76% of all emerging market banking assets.

Main Findings

All 34 SBN member countries are advancing sustainable finance, though at different stages of development.
19 countries are at the "initiating" stage, showing commitment to promoting sustainable finance.
1 country (Ecuador) is at the "formative" stage, with a policy formalized but not yet implemented.
6 countries (Kenya, Mexico, Morocco, Peru, South Africa, Turkey) are at the "emerging" stage, with policies in place and beginning implementation.
8 countries (Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Colombia, Indonesia, Mongolia, Nigeria, Vietnam) are at the "established" stage, with comprehensive implementation and reporting on results.
No member country has reached the "mature" stage, where comprehensive behavior change in the financial sector is demonstrated.

Key Pillars and Their Assessments

I. E&S Risk Management Pillar

Most SBN member countries have developed policies and principles aligned with international standards such as the IFC Performance Standards and the Equator Principles.
15 national policies or principles require financial institutions (FIs) to conduct E&S due diligence and report E&S performance.
11 countries have further required risk categorization to guide credit decision-making.
Continuous monitoring of E&S performance over time is still an area needing improvement.

II. Green Finance Flows Pillar

The report emphasizes the need for private sector investment to drive green growth, with China as an example where the private sector is expected to finance 85% of total green investment.
Many SBN members have introduced market incentives to encourage green investments, such as awards, preferential considerations, and dedicated green funds.
Green credit in China accounts for 10% of banking portfolios, with a $1.09 trillion loan balance and 16% year-on-year growth.
Brazilian banks have increased green lending from 11% to 14% of their portfolios between 2013 and 2015.
Only four countries (Bangladesh, China, Morocco, Vietnam) have explicitly included climate risk as a standalone environmental risk in their policies.

III. Enabling Environment Pillar

A strong enabling environment is essential for translating sustainable finance policies into action.
The three key factors are implementation mechanisms, policy infrastructure, and multistakeholder engagement.
Established countries (Bangladesh, Brazil, China) have a longer history of building market capacity, engaging stakeholders, and improving implementation mechanisms.
These countries have integrated sustainable finance into banking supervision and established regulatory reporting requirements.
SBN members are expanding reforms to include insurance, institutional investors, and capital markets.
South Africa is developing an overarching set of policies for the entire financial sector.
Morocco includes banks, insurance companies, and capital markets in its roadmap.
Brazil is considering actions such as improved disclosure, incentivizing green investments, and integrating environmental risks into underwriting policy.

Conclusion

The SBN has demonstrated that a wide range of countries can unite in support of sustainable finance and achieve significant progress in a short time. Despite varied implementation approaches, the 34 member countries have developed a consistent framework for measuring progress, which positions them to accelerate reforms further. The SBN's measurement initiative and growing knowledge base will create incentives for more countries to develop sustainable finance markets, supporting the global goal of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030.

Key Contributions

The SBN has established a global progress framework for sustainable finance, enabling cross-country benchmarking and learning.
Peer-to-peer knowledge sharing is a hallmark of the SBN, with countries adopting successful practices from others.
The reporting and tracking of green finance flows and E&S risk management are critical for demonstrating the business case for sustainable finance.
The green bond market is being actively developed to unlock more climate-smart investment opportunities, estimated at $23 trillion by 2030.

Acknowledgments

The report was prepared with the guidance of the SBN Measurement Working Group, including members from Bangladesh Bank, South Africa, Brazil, Indonesia, Nigeria, and others. It was supported by the IFC ESG Department, Ernst & Young, and peer reviewers from across the globe. The SBN Secretariat is hosted by the Sustainability Leadership Team at IFC, led by Jamie Fergusson, Rong Zhang, and Wei Yuan.