2024-09-09-IMF-中央银行数字货币数据使用和隐私保护（英）_51页_1mb

Central Bank Digital Currency Data Use and Privacy Protection
This report from the IMF examines the trade-offs between utilizing CBDC data for economic, regulatory, and policy purposes and protecting user privacy. Key points include:

• Private concerns arise from CBDC’s ability to collect personal data, contrasting with traditional cash anonymity.
• Economic benefits of CBDC data include improving monetary policy, fostering financial inclusion, enhancing regulatory compliance, and supporting innovation.
• Privacy risks involve data leaks, misuse, cyberattacks, and cross-border challenges, which can undermine trust in CBDC systems.
• Trade-offs framework highlights that higher granularity in data (e.g., for fraud detection or AML/CFT) creates greater privacy concerns, while aggregated data reduces risks.

Key tools for managing trade-offs:

• Legal frameworks like GDPR and CCPA provide guidance, but harmonization across regions is needed.
• Privacy-by-design, embedding privacy into system architecture, and Privacy Enhancing Technologies (e.g., zero-knowledge proofs, multiparty computation) help balance data use and protection.
• Policymakers should offer diverse CBDC designs, such as high/low data intensity options, and promote collaboration between central banks, regulators, and PSPs to enhance trust and transparency.

Conclusion: Striking a balance between efficient data use and robust privacy protection is essential for CBDC adoption and societal trust, requiring institutional safeguards, regulatory alignment, and innovative technologies.