动态结合：以最大化脱碳努力整合与存储现场可再生能源_44页_6mb

Solar + Storage Integration for Decarbonization

April 3, 2024
Paul Torcellini
National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL)

Key Topics

• Onsite Renewable Energy & Storage: Focus on barriers to deployment and benefits for decarbonization.
• Decarbonization Strategy: Leverage local resources, strong business case, and grid stability.
• Energy Storage Role: Enhances renewable integration, operational flexibility, and future cost savings.

Barriers to Deployment

Renewable Energy

1. Scalability: Difficulty scaling across portfolio.
2. Costs: Increased financing costs and supply chain challenges.
3. Regulatory: Local policies, tenant lease requirements, and utility collaboration issues.
4. Environmental: Potential damage and end-of-life decommissioning/recycling concerns.
5. Obsolescence: Risk of outdated equipment over time.

Energy Storage

1. Decommissioning: Challenges with end-of-life battery systems.
2. Permitting: Regulatory hurdles for installation.
3. Cost: Higher replacement and maintenance expenses.
4. Space & Weight: Physical constraints for placement.
5. Reliability: System durability and software/vendor support.

MIM’s Solar & Storage Efforts

• Solar Progress: 32.5 MW total (3.7 MW completed, 16.0 MW underway, 12.8 MW scoped).
• Decarbonization Program: MetZero, a "Carbon Cascade" strategy including energy efficiency, renewable energy, and carbon credits.
• Projects:
  • Needham, MA: 1678 kW solar + 200 kW BESS (89% offset, tax credits via TRS and SMART MA incentives).
  • Northern CA: Rooftop and canopy solar with 200 kW BESS, addressing grid peaks and reducing peaker plant reliance.
• Challenges:
  • Utility delays (transformer upgrades), supply chain disruptions (COVID), and regular battery maintenance.

Energy Storage Technologies

• Thermal Storage:
  • Low initial cost, high efficiency, long lifespan (50+ years).
  • Best suited for thermal loads (e.g., cooling).
• Electrical Storage:
  • Higher cost per kWh, shorter lifespan (10 years).
  • Requires robust software and vendor support.
• Comparison:
  • Thermal storage (e.g., ice tanks) costs $203/kWh vs. $925/kWh for batteries.
  • Combined systems (e.g., ice + batteries) reduce net costs.

Policy & Incentives

• IRA Tax Credits:
  • Up to 50% of energy property costs (includes thermal storage).
  • Eligibility requires domestic content (materials from USA) and energy communities criteria (brownfields, high unemployment, local tax revenue from fossil fuels).
• Benefits:
  • Incentives for Massachusetts SMART, CA SGIP, and Future CA IOU programs.
  • Accelerates adoption of renewable and storage solutions.

Case Study Highlights

• Thermal Storage Advantages:
  • Mitigates grid challenges (duck curve, peak demand).
  • Reduces reliance on peaker plants and grid infrastructure.
• NREL Data:
  • Thermal storage systems outperform electrical batteries in cost and sustainability.
  • 10,000 proven commercial projects using water + ice systems.

Conclusion

• Thermal Energy Storage (TES) is critical for reliable grid operation, with lower degradation, longer lifespan, and no environmental disposal concerns.
• Electric Batteries should complement TES for electrical loads.
• Future Outlook: Expand thermal storage integration to meet decarbonization goals and optimize cost savings.

Presenters:

• Giuliana Kunkel (LEED AP, CEM), MetLife Investment Management
• Mark M. MacCracken (VP, CALMAC® Portfolio), Trane Technologies

Contact: Mark.MacCracken@TraneTechnologies.com
Feedback: Use the 2024 Summit mobile app for networking and session tracking.

Note: All summaries are based on internal data and policy updates, not retail investor recommendations.