2022-03-06-世界卫生组织-WHO_Global_Health_Emergency_Appeal_2022_163页_14mb

WHO Global Health Emergency Appeal Summary (2022)

Core Content

The World Health Organization (WHO) launched its Global Health Emergency Appeal for 2022, which outlines the organization's strategic priorities and financial requirements to address urgent health emergencies worldwide. The appeal emphasizes rapid response, coordination, resilience building, and equitable access to health services, especially in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and other global health threats.

Main Points

WHO's Mandate in Emergencies

• WHO's Health Emergencies Programme (WHE) is tasked with promoting health, keeping the world safe, and serving the vulnerable.
• WHE is responsible for leading and coordinating the international health response to contain outbreaks and provide relief and recovery to affected populations.
• WHO's role includes being a first responder and provider of last resort, particularly in conflict zones and fragile settings.
• The organization is committed to human rights, equity, and universality, as outlined in its Constitution, and to preventing sexual exploitation, abuse, and harassment.

Financial Requirements

• WHO needs US$2.7 billion in 2022 to address global health emergency and humanitarian needs.
• The total financial requirement for Grade 3 emergencies (the most severe) is US$2,738 million, including:
  • Ukraine Flash Appeal: US$57.5 million
  • Global COVID-19 Response: US$1,596.1 million
  • Afghanistan Complex Emergencies: US$134.0 million
  • Northern Tigray Humanitarian Response: US$36.8 million
  • Syrian Arab Republic Complex Emergencies: US$181.8 million
  • Nigeria Humanitarian Crisis: US$20.4 million
  • Somalia Complex Emergencies: US$4.6 million
  • South Sudan Humanitarian Crisis: US$11.5 million
  • Yemen Complex Emergencies: US$109.0 million
  • Other graded emergencies and ongoing operations: US$524.4 million
  • Contingency, readiness, and prevention: US$61.9 million

WHO's Commitments

• Protecting vulnerable populations through targeted interventions, including:
  • Gender equality and community engagement
  • Infodemic management and reaching marginalized groups
  • Value for money and sustainability
  • Zero-carbon health care initiatives
• Preventing and responding to health threats:
  • Strengthening early warning systems and surveillance capabilities
  • Enhancing logistics and supply chain support
  • Accelerating research and innovation to address health emergencies
  • Building resilience in health systems and communities
• Supporting the global health workforce:
  • Ensuring adequate funding, safety, and capacity
  • Enhancing training, infection control, and technical assistance

Key Activities and Initiatives

• WHO-led initiatives include the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) Global Health Cluster, which coordinates the global health response.
• Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator (ACT-A) continues to be a central part of the global effort to combat the pandemic, with a focus on vaccine access, diagnostics, and therapeutics.
• Therapeutic feeding centres in Yemen support severely malnourished children, with 92 WHO-supported centres in the country.
• WHO's global logistics network, including the Global Logistics Centre for Emergencies, is being expanded to ensure rapid deployment of resources and expertise.

Regional and Country Focus

• The appeal includes regional breakdowns of financial needs and support strategies.
• Country-level appeals cover:
  • Afghanistan
  • Cameroon
  • Central African Republic
  • Chad
  • Democratic Republic of the Congo
  • Ethiopia
  • Iraq
  • Lebanon
  • Libya
  • Mali
  • Mozambique
  • Myanmar
  • Niger
  • Nigeria
  • Occupied Palestinian Territory
  • Somalia
  • South Sudan
  • Ukraine and neighboring countries
  • Yemen
  • Zimbabwe

Differentiated Approaches

WHO employs four differentiated approaches to support Member States based on their needs and capacities:

1. Policy dialogue – to develop future health systems
2. Strategic support – to build high-performing systems
3. Technical assistance – to strengthen national institutions
4. Service delivery – to fill critical gaps in emergencies

These approaches are tailored to the specific contexts of each region and country, and are not mutually exclusive. The table below shows the distribution of these approaches across WHO regions:

WHO Staff and Operations

• WHO has a global workforce of 311.55 staff members (104.85 international and 206.7 national).
• The number of international professional staff has increased by 33% since 2015.
• WHO is present in 152 countries through country offices, working closely with 900 national and international partners.

Conclusion

WHO's 2022 Global Health Emergency Appeal reflects a comprehensive and coordinated approach to addressing health emergencies, emphasizing resilience, equity, and solidarity. The appeal is aligned with the Thirteenth General Programme of Work (2019–2023) and aims to better protect vulnerable populations from both acute and protracted health crises. It also underscores the importance of international collaboration, scientific research, and preparedness in mitigating the impact of health emergencies globally.