牛津经济研究院-全球渡轮业的经济影响（英）-2021.10-46页_2mb

Summary of the Economic Impact of the Global Ferry Industry

Core Content

The report provides an analysis of the economic impact of the global ferry industry in 2019, highlighting its role in supporting GDP and employment across the world. The study, commissioned by Interferry, uses a combination of survey data, company accounts, and national sources to estimate the industry's contribution.

Key Findings

• The global ferry industry supported $60 billion in GDP and 1.1 million jobs in 2019.
• The industry's impact is divided into direct, supply chain and worker spending impacts, and induced effects.
• Direct impact includes $13.6 billion in GDP and 141,000 jobs in the Americas, Europe, and Oceania.
• Indirect and induced impact adds $31.8 billion in GDP and 437,000 jobs in the Americas, Europe, and Oceania.
• Africa and Asia had assumption-driven estimates, with $3.4 billion in GDP and 77,000 jobs directly, and $11.5 billion in GDP and 446,000 jobs through supply chain and worker spending impacts.
• Total estimated GDP contribution for Africa and Asia was $10.5 billion, supporting 310,000 jobs.
• The global ferry fleet consisted of 15,400 vessels with a combined gross tonnage of over 31 million tonnes.
• At least 4.27 billion passengers and 373 million vehicles were transported in 2019.
• Asia had the largest number of vessels (79%), while Europe had the largest share of gross tonnage (58%).
• The average age of the global ferry fleet was over 20 years.
• Ferries are heavily concentrated in Asia, with hi-speed vessels being more prevalent in Oceania (87%).
• The number of vessels in the global ferry fleet has grown steadily since 2014.

Methodology

• The study used Oxford Economics' Global Economic Impact Model, which incorporates input-output analysis to capture economic linkages between sectors and regions.
• Direct impacts were calculated using survey data and company accounts from ferry operators in the Americas, Europe, and Oceania.
• Indirect and induced impacts were estimated using intermediate consumption (IC) and capital expenditure (CAPEX), as well as compensation of employees (CoE).
• For Africa and Asia, imputation methods were used due to the lack of detailed financial data, relying on global averages and productivity differentials.
• Data sources included Shippax, national associations (e.g., Canadian Ferry Association, China Maritime Safety Administration), and US Coastguard.

Economic Impact by Region

Global Overview

• Total GDP Contribution: $60.3 billion
• Total Employment Contribution: 1,101,000 jobs
• Europe and Asia accounted for the largest shares of both GDP and employment contributions.

Limitations and Assumptions

• Data collection was incomplete, especially in Africa and Asia, leading to assumption-driven estimates.
• Conservative estimates were made due to limited reporting from some countries and operators.
• Imputation techniques were used for China, excluding small ferries not tracked by official sources.
• Productivity differentials were applied to estimate GVA per worker across regions.

Conclusion

The global ferry industry is a significant economic driver, contributing substantially to GDP and employment. While Asia dominates in terms of vessel numbers, Europe leads in gross tonnage. The economic impact is further amplified through supply chain and worker spending effects. The methodology used is robust but subject to uncertainty, particularly in Africa and Asia, where data was more limited. Future research could explore catalytic and social impacts such as tourism and access to education and healthcare.