世界银行-《非洲脉搏》，第28期，2023年10月：通过更好的工作为人民带来增长（英）-2023.10-130页_4mb

Africa's Economic Future: Analysis and Summary

Executive Summary

• Economic Growth: Sub-Saharan Africa's growth slowed to 2.5 percent in 2023, driven down by global uncertainty, fiscal consolidation, and domestic challenges. Growth is expected to accelerate to 3.7 percent in 2024–25, but per capita growth remains weak, leading to lost decades for many countries.
• Labor Markets: Job creation is insufficient, with only about 3 million new formal jobs generated annually. Informal employment is prevalent, hindered by low capital deepening, poor infrastructure, and organizational barriers.
• Inflation and Debt: Inflation receded slightly in 2023 but remains high in many countries. Debt burdens worsened post-pandemic, with 55 percent of countries at high risk or in distress, limiting fiscal space and public investment.
• Policy Recommendations:
  • Macroeconomic Stabilization: Coordinate fiscal and monetary policies to curb inflation and stabilize growth.
  • Investments in Human Capital: Improve education and health to boost productivity and address skill mismatches.
  • Promote Inclusive Markets: Implement reforms for competition, infrastructure, and trade to support structural transformation.
  • Enhance Institutions: Strengthen governance and regional integration to foster sustainable jobs and growth.

The report underscores the need for urgent policy action to leverage Africa's demographic dividend and navigate economic risks.