2022-08-23-世界卫生组织-Multi-country_outbreak_of_monkeypox,_External_situation_report_4_-_24_August_2022_12页_1mb

报告摘要

Monkeypox Outbreak Summary (Based on WHO External Situation Report 4, 24 August 2022)

Global Risk Assessment: The European Region faces a high risk, while the African, American, Eastern Mediterranean, Southeast Asia, and Western Pacific Regions face moderate to low-moderate risks. A total of 41,664 laboratory-confirmed cases and 12 deaths were reported from 96 countries/territories.
Case Trends: Cases peaked globally, declining by 21% in the week ending August 21, 2022, compared to the previous week. The United States, Spain, Brazil, and Germany were among the top affected countries, accounting for over 88% of cases. In the past seven days, Iran and Indonesia reported their first cases.
Transmission and Demographics: The outbreak predominantly affects young males, with 98.2% of cases involving men, mostly aged 36 years (IQR: 30-43). Transmission often occurs through sexual contact, with 82.1% of reported events linked to such encounters. Almost all cases are linked to party settings with sexual contacts.
Variant Naming: Monkeypox virus variants are now named Clade I (Congo Basin) and Clade II (West African), with subclade IIb being predominant in the current outbreak.
WHO Guidance Updates: Interim guidance on vaccines and immunization includes adopting new terms (pre-exposure prophylaxis modified to PPV, post-exposure prophylaxis to PEPV) to avoid confusion. Vaccination is recommended for high-risk groups, including men who have sex with men and healthcare workers. Clinical management emphasizes early isolation, IPC measures, and monitoring for complications. Therapeutics require further study, with a focus on randomized trials.
Surveillance and Data Management: WHO updated case investigation and reporting forms. The global clinical platform and Go.Data tool support outbreak response and data collection.
Risk Communication and Community Engagement: Efforts should target affected populations, including MSM, through trusted networks and provide up-to-date information on prevention and treatment options. Resources and further details are available via links provided in the report.