2024-06-27-世界卫生组织-Multi-country_outbreak_of_mpox,_External_situation_report_34-_28_June_2024_17页_549kb

报告摘要

Multi-country Mpox Outbreak Summary (External Situation Report 34, June 2024)

Global Epidemiological Overview: As of 31 May 2024, WHO data (from 1 January 2022) reported 97,745 laboratory-confirmed mpox cases and 203 deaths across 116 countries/regions. The majority of cases occurred in the US, Brazil, and Spain. In May 2024, 646 new cases were reported, a 2.3% decline from April, but data likely underestimates due to reporting gaps.
Regional Distribution: The African Region had the highest cumulative cases (approx. 3,383), while global case reporting in May showed a peak in Africa, supported by enhanced testing in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), where underreporting persists due to limited rural access.
Risk Assessment: Moderate risk for gay/bisexual men, men who have sex with men, trans and gender diverse people, and sex workers; low risk for unmapped countries. High risk in DRC.
Outbreak Dynamics: Mpox transmission is primarily sexual, with 83.6% of cases linked to this mode. Symptoms include rash (88.6%), fever, and others. The bulk of non-African cases affected males aged 18-44 years. In May, 58% of reporting countries saw an increase, with DRC (277 cases increase) and Western Pacific regions (Australia, 33 cases) showing significant rises.
Notable Events: South Africa confirmed 16 new cases in May-June 2024 (3 deaths CF), raising concerns due to high CFR among HIV-positive individuals. Ongoing response includes vaccines, diagnosis, and community engagement.
Vaccines and Immunization: WHO supports mpox vaccination through global partnerships; DRC authorized vaccines for outbreak control. SAGE recommends flexible vaccination based on local risk, emphasizing epidemic-prone scenarios.
Technical Updates: New guidelines on diagnostics, clinical management, surveillance, and stigma reduction tools are available. The epidemic requires continuous monitoring due to data reporting gaps.