2022-07-05-世界卫生组织-Multi-country_outbreak_of_monkeypox,_External_situation_report_1_-_6_July_2022_11页_594kb

报告摘要

Risk Assessment: Global risk is moderate; WHO European Region risk is high, while other regions are moderate.
Cases and Deaths: As of 4 July 2022, 6027 laboratory-confirmed cases and 3 deaths reported from 59 countries across five WHO regions.
Report Transition: Moved from Disease Outbreak News to biweekly situation reports, providing latest epidemiology, guidance, and WHO advice.

Total Cases: 6027 cases from 59 countries; new cases (2614) show a 77% increase since 27 June 2022, with nine new countries affected.
Regional Distribution:
- African Region: 173 cases, 3 deaths.
- Americas Region: 902 cases.
- Eastern Mediterranean Region: 15 cases.
- European Region: 4920 cases.
- Western Pacific Region: 17 cases.
Case Demographics: 99.5% of cases male (based on 4406 reported), median age 37 years (IQR 31-43); males aged 18-44 constitute 79% of cases. Sexually active males with recent male partners are disproportionately affected.
HIV Status: 41% of cases with known HIV status are HIV-positive.

Symptoms are atypical for monkeypox; 81% have systemic rash, 50% have fever, 41% have genital rash.
Cases often lack the classical presentation (fever, swollen lymph nodes, centrifugal rash).

Transmission: Primarily through sexual contact, but other routes possible. Health-care-associated infections are under investigation.
Monitoring and Testing: Contacts should monitor for 21 days for symptoms; testing recommended if symptoms appear. PCR on skin lesions is the primary diagnostic method.
Infection Prevention and Control (IPC): Implement standard and transmission-based precautions in health-care settings, including PPE and environmental cleaning.
Risk Communication: Avoid stigma, focus on awareness and informed decision-making. Gatherings pose risks due to high contact density.

Clinical Management: Isolate cases, maintain IPC, manage symptoms; home isolation requires careful assessment.
Vaccination: WHO encourages reviewing evidence for vaccine use; clinical studies recommended for efficacy data.
Therapeutics: Randomized trials advised for evaluating treatments; supportive care for complications.
WHO Advice Updates: Guidance published on surveillance, case investigation, gatherings, and risk communication.

WHO Guidelines:
- Surveillance and case investigation.
- Infection prevention and control.
- Vaccines and immunization.
- Public health advice for gatherings and risk communication.
Minimum Dataset and Reporting Tools: WHO CRF and CIF forms available for case reporting.
Additional Links: WHO resources on monkeypox, including data platforms and training modules.