2014-12-31-世界卫生组织-2015_STEPS_Fact_Sheet_Benin_4页_354kb

Survey Overview

The Bénin STEPS 2015 survey investigated risk factors for non-communicable diseases in Benin. Conducted from October 19 to December 30, 2015, it targeted adults aged 18 to 69 using a three-stage random sampling method. A total of 5126 adults participated, with a 98.6% response rate. Three main steps were included: Step 1 (sociodemographic and behavioral data, including tobacco and alcohol use, diet, physical activity, and oral health), Step 2 (anthropometric measurements like BMI and waist circumference, plus blood pressure), and Step 3 (biochemical measurements such as blood glucose and cholesterol). A complementary oral health module was added to Step 1.

Humans and Males Females

• Smoking: Current tobacco use is low (5%), with 5% of adults smoking daily. Males start smoking earlier on average (21.6 years vs. 23.7 for females), and most users (over 80%) smoke industrial cigarettes, averaging about 5 per day.

• Alcohol: About half (58.3%) abstain, while 26.5% consume alcohol. Males have higher current consumption (26.5% vs. 16.9% females), and 7.6% report excessive episodic drinking.

• Diet and Nutrition: Average fruit and vegetable intake consists of about 2-3 days of consumption per week, with less than one portion per day. Over 93% consume 5 or fewer portions daily combined. High salt addition (18% on average) is common, and about 27% consume unhealthy salt-rich dishes. Diets are generally low in micronutrient-rich foods.

• Physical Activity: Insufficient activity (less than 150 minutes moderate intensity/week) affects 16%. Median daily activity time is low, with only about 57.8% engaging in any intense activity. Females show slightly higher rates of inactivity.

• Oral Health: Nearly all respondents (98-99%) have 20 or more natural teeth, with good dental hygiene habits like brushing daily (99.7%). Most report no pain, and oral health perception is generally positive, though 15-16% experience dental discomfort.

• Clinical Measurements:

  • BMI: Overweight or obesity rates are high (23.2%), with obesity (BMI ≥ 30) at 7.4%. Males have similar prevalence, while females show higher rates of surcharge pondérale but lower obesity.
  • Blood Pressure: High blood pressure (≥140/90 mmHg or on treatment) is prevalent in 26% of adults, with most not on treatment.
  • Blood Glucose: Elevated fasting glucose (≥6.1 mmol/L) affects 12.4% of adults, though self-reported adherence to treatment might be low.
  • Cholesterol: High levels (≥240 mg/dl) or medication use are seen in 5% of adults, with variations by age and sex.

• Combined Risk Factors: A minority (2-4%) have few or no risk factors. Risk increases with age: 12.4% of adult age groups have three or more risk factors, rising to 28% among those aged 45-69, highlighting a significant increase in middle age for NCD risks.

This survey provides baseline data for chronic disease prevention strategies in Benin. For more details, contact Prof. Dismand HOUINATO at dshouinato@gmail.com.