亚开行-中亚交通基础设施适应气候变化措施手册，重点关注乌兹别克斯坦（英）-2023.12-104页_12mb

Climate Change Adaptation for Transport Infrastructure in Central Asia

Overview

This manual provides guidance for designing and constructing resilient transport infrastructure in Central Asia, with a focus on Uzbekistan, to mitigate climate change impacts. It covers the causes and effects of climate-related stressors and outlines adaptation strategies to enhance infrastructure durability and safety.

Key Concepts

• Resilience: The ability of infrastructure to withstand and recover from extreme climate events.
• Mitigation: Actions to reduce carbon emissions, such as using low-footprint materials.
• Adaptation: Measures to protect infrastructure from climate stressors without reducing sustainability.
• Paris Agreement: Global goal to limit temperature rise to below 2°C, with targets for emission reductions by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2050.

Climate-Related Stressors

• Floods: Caused by heavy rainfall or snowmelt. Effects include soil saturation, reduced bearing capacity, scouring around bridge piers, and debris flows. Climate change increases flood frequency and intensity.
• Temperature Effects: High temperatures soften asphalt, leading to rutting and blow-ups in concrete due to thermal expansion. Extreme heat and cold cycles degrade both materials.
• Other Stressors: Include snow avalanches, rockfalls from permafrost melt, sand flows, increased wildfires, and glacial melt exacerbating erosion.

Adaptation Measures

• Flood Adaptation: Elevate bridges, stabilize soils using binders like cement or lime, improve drainage systems, and install barriers to reduce scouring.
• Temperature Adaptation: Use modified bitumen for asphalt to maintain stiffness, implement expansion joints for concrete, and employ bioengineering solutions for cost-effective slope stabilization.
• General Measures: Conduct geological surveys, use early warning systems for extreme events, implement regular inspections, and promote bioengineering to offset carbon emissions.

Focus on Uzbekistan

• Political Framework: The State Committee for Roads leads climate adaptation efforts, incorporating measures into design standards and risk modeling.
• Climate Projections: Expectations include increased warming, extreme rains, glacial melt, and intensified mudflows. These pose risks to transport networks, particularly in piedmont regions.
• Uzbekistan-Specific Adaptation: Strategies include afforestation to absorb carbon and stabilize slopes, modernizing irrigation systems for climate-resilient water management, and integrating digital tools for project planning to assess vulnerabilities and optimize resilience.

Conclusion

Climate change poses significant risks to transport infrastructure, requiring proactive adaptation to ensure long-term resilience. This manual emphasizes the integration of sustainable practices and innovative engineering solutions tailored to regional contexts.