20141231-IRENA-Renewable_Energy_Prospects_United_States_of_America_120页_3mb

Renewable Energy Prospects: United States of America (IRENA Report Summary)

Introduction

The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) assessed renewable energy potential in the U.S., aiming to double the global renewable energy share by 2030. The U.S. had a 2010 renewable energy share of 7.5% in total final energy consumption (TFEC), with opportunities to increase it to 27% by 2030. Wind and biomass were identified as key resources, but achieving these targets requires supportive policies and infrastructure upgrades.

Key Findings

• Current Status: Renewable energy in power generation stood at 11.4% in 2010, with wind as the fastest-growing source. Biofuels dominated in transport, while electricity efficiency improved further potential.
• REmap 2030 Analysis: Primary renewable technologies are wind, biomass, solar PV, and geothermal. With policies enabling accelerated deployment, U.S. renewables could account for 27% of TFEC by 2030, nearly tripling from 2010.
• Economic and Environmental Benefits: Deployment would save USD 30-140 billion annually (business perspective) or USD 1.7 billion through health emissions reductions (government perspective by 2030). Annual investment needs: USD 86 billion (total), with USD 38 billion incremental.

REmap Challenges

• Grid Integration: High renewable penetration requires expanded transmission infrastructure, given geographic mismatches between resource-rich and demand centers.
• Resource Variability: Barriers such as transmission costs, permitting delays, and feedstock logistics for biomass must be addressed.
• Policy Gaps: Inconsistent federal/state incentives and lack of long-term strategies hinder progress.

Recommendations

1. Planning Pathways: Define credible renewable energy targets and strategies aligned with efficiency measures.
2. Enabling Environment: Use tax credits (PTC, ITC) and innovative financing (e.g., green bonds) to reduce investment risks.
3. Grid Integration: Accelerate transmission expansion and demand-response programs to handle variable renewables.
4. Knowledge & Innovation: Enhance awareness and fund R&D for technologies like energy storage and advanced biomass.

IRENA reinforces U.S. leadership in renewables through technology deployment, cost-effective strategies, and policy support for a sustainable energy future, particularly addressing climate change mitigation.