欧洲疾控中心-侵袭性肺炎球菌疾病-2022年年度流行病学报告（英）_12页_1mb

Purpose and Key Findings: The report for 2022 summarizes invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in the European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA). In 2022, 17,700 confirmed cases were reported, with a crude rate of 5.1 per 100,000 population, similar to 2018 and 2019. High incidence was observed in infants under one year (rate: 13.4 per 100,000) and adults 65+ (rate: 12.6 per 100,000). Males were disproportionately affected across all ages.

Serotype and Vaccination Data: Among cases with serotype information, 52.3% had identifiable serotypes; the top ten accounted for 73.9% of cases. In children under five years, approximately 46% of cases were linked to PCV13 serotypes. For adults 65+, about 71% of cases were caused by PPV23 serotypes, and 41% by PCV13 serotypes. Over five years, the proportion of PCV13/non-10 serotypes in young children increased significantly (from 17.1% to 39.3%).

Epidemiological Trends: IPD rates showed seasonal patterns, peaking in winter, but 2020-2021 saw a ~50% decrease concurrent with COVID-19 measures. Age-specific rates peaked in infants and older adults; males had higher rates. Case fatality was highest in adults ≥65 (17.1%) and lowest in young children (<5 years).

Surveillance and Methodology: Data from 29 EU/EEA countries were analyzed using ECDC's surveillance system (TESSy). National systems varied in coverage and reporting completeness, with high heterogeneity in case ascertainment and data granularity.

Public Health Discussion: PCV and PPV programs have reduced IPD incidence in children but have faced serotype replacement with non-vaccine serotypes. Overall vaccine coverage for older adults and at-risk groups is low (<30%) in many countries, and antimicrobial resistance data show concerning resistance rates for antibiotics like penicillin and erythromycin. Continued monitoring is essential to guide vaccination schedules and address emerging serotypes.

Implications: Strengthening vaccination programs, improving surveillance coverage, and developing higher-valency vaccines (e.g., PCV15/PCV20) could reduce IPD burden. Public health strategies should prioritize enhancing herd immunity and addressing disparities in vaccine uptake.