2025-01-01-世界卫生组织-Environmental_Health_Kenya_2024_country_profile_3页_175kb
报告摘要
Kenya Health & Environment Scorecard Analysis
Extent of Problem
- Air Pollution: High exposure to PM2.5 significantly impacts health (stroke, heart disease). 74% of population lack clean cooking fuels/energy technology.
- WASH: Insufficient data on access to safe water, sanitation & hygiene for health care facilities. Limited funding for diarrhoea prevention plans.
- Chemicals: High blood lead levels in children. Insufficient data on regulations for lead paint, mercury, radiation, radon.
- Climate Change: Vulnerable to high emissions scenarios. Insufficient data on adaptation plans and climate vulnerability assessments.
- Occupational Health: Insufficient data on prevention and exposure information.
- Biodiversity: 10% terrestrial area protected. Decrease in forest coverage (-6%) linked to energy/industrial expansion.
Policies
- Air Quality: Compliant with WHO guidelines for PM2.5 but high population exposure. National policy on clean fuels exists.
- WASH: Insufficient data. Possible funding shortfall for implementation.
- Chemicals: National policy on lead. Party to the Minamata Convention but less than 70% attainment rate for chemical events. Insufficient data for other chemicals.
- Climate Change: Kenya submitted adaptation plans but failed to ratify international climate conventions fully. Insufficient data on national climate assessments.
- Occupational Health: Insufficient data on policy adherence and framework.
- Biodiversity: Submitted post-2020 NBSAP for conservation targets (30% lands/waters by 2030). Lack of data on links between forestry/emissions and energy.
- Health Care Facilities: Significant portion lacks basic services (W/S/H/Climate Resilience).
| Indicator | Current Status/Metric | Area of Concern/Target |
|---|---|---|
| Air Pollution | High PM2.5 exposure, deaths from stroke/heart disease. | Legal standards exist, but treatment/guideline compliance, funding, etc. are concerns. |
| WASH | Insufficient data on access. | Infrastructure gaps. Limited/improving funding. Operationalised WASH services. |
| Chemicals/Poisons | Elevated lead levels (4μg/dL). Insufficient data on regulation performance. | Below/exceeds WHO limits. Poor radiological surveillance and radon regulations. |
| Climate Change | High vulnerability under scenarios. Participation insuffic. | Adaptation plans exist, regulated fossil fuel use. Political commitment levels vary. |
| Occupational Health | Insufficient data on exposure. | Labour conventions not always ratified. Health sector risk control inadequate. |
| Health Care Facilities | Only 32% meet basic water, 85% sanitation, 46% waste management. | Critical deficiencies in essential infrastructure for quality health services. |
| Biodiversity | 10% terrestrial protected, below global target. | Deforestation poses threat. Recent NBSAP submission positive but data inadequate. |
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