2024-11-10-世界银行-越南将社会保护_劳动力市场干预和渔业管理联系起来（英）_34页_1mb

Blue Social Protection Series: Protecting People, Fish and Food Vietnam’s fisheries sector faces complex challenges, requiring multifaceted solutions to rebuild fish stocks and address workers’ vulnerabilities, such as income instability from climate change and regulations.

Key Challenges:

• Overcapacity and IUU fishing driven by inadequate management and subsidies, hindering sustainability and putting export markets at risk.
• High climate risk forces income decline, with fishers lacking social protection mechanisms.

Current Social Protection (SP) System:

• Weak, fragmented, and insufficient coverage, particularly for informal workers in the fisheries sector.
• Only 0.3% of SP-insured are fishers, lacking financial safety nets despite high income dependence and risks.
• Political economy barriers: Decentralization makes implementation limited, limiting the effectiveness of regulatory measures to reduce overcapacity.

Opportunities for SP and Labor Market Program (LMPs) Integration:

• Strengthen registration processes to link fishers and fish workers with SP benefits, enabling timely support during shocks.
• Expand access to insurance (voluntary and compulsory) and mean-tested transfers to enhance resilience and reduce dependency.
• Promote livelihood diversification via vocational training (VET) to encourage post-exit pathways and reduce reliance on unsustainable practices.
• Leverage digitalization to improve interoperability among SP databases, fisheries databases, and early warning systems (EWS) for better targeting.

Conclusions and Recommendations:

• Vietnam’s social protection and fisheries policy must be integrated to support sustainability and reduce vulnerability.
• Enhance registration and monitoring to improve fish stock management and address climate risks.
• Prioritize disadvantaged groups, such as women and youth, in VET and ALMPs to boost inclusion and economic resilience.

This case study underscores the urgent need for coordinated multi-pronged action to ensure the long-term viability of Vietnam’s fisheries sector.