SIPRI-2019年多边和平行动趋势（英文）-2020.5-12页_242kb

Summary of Trends in Multilateral Peace Operations, 2019

Core Content

In 2019, there were 61 multilateral peace operations globally, with the majority active in sub-Saharan Africa, Europe, and the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). The number of operations remained stable, but the number of personnel decreased by 4.8% compared to the previous year, with sub-Saharan Africa hosting 71% of all personnel. The only region to see an increase in personnel was MENA, up by 4.7%. The total number of personnel deployed in multilateral peace operations was 137,781 as of 31 December 2019.

Main Points

1. Trends in Number of Operations

• Total Operations: 61 in 2019, one more than the previous year.
• Regional Distribution:
  • Sub-Saharan Africa: 20 operations
  • Europe: 18 operations
  • MENA: 14 operations
• New Operations:
  • EUBAM Libya (now a multilateral peace operation)
  • UNMHA in Yemen
  • UN Integrated Office in Haiti
• Ended Operations:
  • TIPH (unilaterally withdrawn)
  • MINUJUSTH (terminated as planned)

2. Trends in Personnel Deployment

• Total Personnel: 137,781
• Regional Breakdown:
  • Sub-Saharan Africa: 97,519 personnel (5.8% decrease)
  • MENA: 15,082 personnel (4.7% increase)
• Top Military Contributors:
  • Ethiopia: 10,727
  • United States: 9,145
  • Uganda: 3,759
• Top Police Contributors:
  • Senegal: 1,204
  • Rwanda: 1,191
  • Egypt: 1,061
• Gender Representation:
  • 5.3% of military personnel and 15% of police personnel were women.
  • This represents an increase from 4.2% and 12% in 2018.

3. Fatalities in UN Peace Operations

• Total Fatalities: 102
• Hostile Deaths: 28 (up from 27 in 2018)
• Uniformed Personnel Fatalities: 65
• Hostile Death Rate: 0.01 per 1000 uniformed personnel (excluding MINUSMA), the lowest since 1990.
• MINUSMA: The deadliest UN mission, accounting for 22 of the 28 hostile deaths in 2019.

4. Largest Multilateral Peace Operations

• The 10 largest operations accounted for 90% of the total personnel.
• Top Operations:
  • AMISOM (African Union Mission in Somalia): 20,370 personnel
  • UNMISS (UN Mission in South Sudan): 14,962 personnel
  • RSM (Resolute Support Mission in Afghanistan, NATO-led): 16,705 personnel
  • MONUSCO (UN Organization Stabilization Mission in the DRC): 14,155 personnel
  • MINUSMA (UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali): 11,951 personnel

5. Key Contributors and Changes

• The top 10 troop-contributing countries accounted for half of all military personnel.
• The top 10 police-contributing countries accounted for over 65% of all police personnel.
• Ethiopia remained the largest troop-contributing country, while Senegal was the largest police-contributing country.

Key Information

• Global Trends:
  • Personnel levels in UN peace operations decreased by 7.0%.
  • Non-UN operations remained relatively stable in personnel numbers.
  • The number of personnel in multilateral peace operations has decreased for four consecutive years.
• Regional Trends:
  • Sub-Saharan Africa saw a decline in both operations and personnel.
  • MENA was the only region to experience an increase in personnel.
  • The decline in sub-Saharan Africa is attributed to the scaling down or closure of larger UN operations and a shift towards non-multilateral military initiatives.
• Security Concerns:
  • Despite budget cuts and political cynicism, the hostile death rate in UN operations (excluding MINUSMA) was at its lowest since 1990.
  • SIPRI will publish more detailed data on women in multilateral peace operations ahead of the 20th anniversary of UN Security Council Resolution 1325 in October 2020.
• Data Sources:
  • SIPRI's Multilateral Peace Operations Database.
  • Data is collected from official sources, mission reports, and national governments.