SIPRI-2019年国际武器交易趋势报告（英文）-2020.3-12页_423kb

Summary of Trends in International Arms Transfers, 2019

Core Content

The document provides an overview of global trends in international arms transfers from 2015 to 2019, highlighting the top exporters and importers, regional distribution, and changes in transfer volumes over time.

Key Facts

• Global Arms Transfers Volume: Increased by 5.5% from 2010–14 and by 20% from 2005–2009.
• Top 5 Arms Exporters (2015–19): United States (36%), Russia (21%), France (7.9%), Germany (5.8%), and China (5.5%), together accounting for 76% of global arms exports.
• Top 5 Arms Importers (2015–19): Saudi Arabia (12%), India (9.2%), Egypt (5.8%), Australia (4.9%), and China (4.3%), collectively receiving 36% of global arms imports.
• Regional Distribution of Arms Imports (2015–19):
  • Asia and Oceania: 41%
  • Middle East: 35%
  • Europe: 11%
  • Africa: 7.2%
  • Americas: 5.7%

Main Exporters and Their Trends

• United States:

  • Top arms exporter, delivering to 96 states.
  • Arms exports increased by 23% from 2010–14 to 2015–19.
  • Middle East accounted for 51% of US arms exports in 2015–19, up 79% from 2010–14.
  • Saudi Arabia was the largest recipient (25% of US exports), and the US authorized the sale of 59,000 guided bombs to Saudi Arabia in 2019.
  • Arms exports to Asia and Oceania fell by 20%, mainly due to decreases in India, Pakistan, and South Korea.

• Russia:

  • Arms exports fell by 18% from 2010–14 to 2015–19.
  • Main recipients: India (25%), China (16%), Algeria (14%).
  • Middle East accounted for 19% of Russian arms exports, up 30% from 2010–14.
  • Arms exports to Syria fell by 87% during the period.

• France:

  • Arms exports increased by 72% from 2010–14 to 2015–19, reaching their highest level since 1990.
  • Main recipients: Egypt (26%), Qatar (14%), India (14%).
  • Rafale combat aircraft deliveries to these countries accounted for nearly 25% of French exports.

• Germany:

  • Arms exports increased by 17% from 2010–14 to 2015–19.
  • Main recipients: South Korea (18%), Greece (10%), Algeria (8.1%).
  • Delivered 4 submarines to South Korea, 3 each to Egypt and Greece, and 2 to Colombia and Italy.

• China:

  • Fifth-largest arms exporter, with a 6.3% increase from 2010–14.
  • Main recipient: Pakistan (35%).
  • Asia and Oceania accounted for 74% of Chinese arms exports, with Africa at 16% and Middle East at 6.7%.

• Israel:

  • Eighth-largest arms exporter, with a 77% increase from 2010–14.
  • Main recipient: India (45%).
  • Arms exports to the Middle East rose significantly.

• South Korea:

  • Tenth-largest arms exporter, with a 143% increase from 2010–14.
  • Main recipient: UK (17%).
  • Arms exports to Turkey decreased from over 50% in previous periods to 17% in 2015–19.

Main Importers and Their Trends

• Saudi Arabia:

  • Largest arms importer in 2015–19, receiving 13% of global arms imports.
  • Arms imports increased by 130% from 2010–14 to 2015–19.
  • Main suppliers: USA (73%), UK (13%), France (4.3%).

• India:

  • Second-largest arms importer in 2015–19, receiving 9.2% of global arms imports.
  • Arms imports decreased by 32% from 2010–14 to 2015–19.
  • Main suppliers: Russia (56%), Israel (14%), France (12%).

• Egypt:

  • Third-largest arms importer in 2015–19, receiving 5.8% of global arms imports.
  • Arms imports increased by 212% from 2010–14 to 2015–19.
  • Main supplier: France (35%).

• Australia:

  • Fourth-largest arms importer in 2015–19, receiving 4.9% of global arms imports.
  • Arms imports increased by 40% from 2010–14 to 2015–19.
  • Main supplier: USA (68%).

• China:

  • Fifth-largest arms importer in 2015–19, receiving 4.3% of global arms imports.
  • Arms imports increased by 3.3% from 2010–14 to 2015–19.
  • Main supplier: Russia (76%).

Regional Trends in Arms Imports

• Middle East:

  • Arms imports increased by 61% from 2010–14 to 2015–19.
  • Main recipients: Saudi Arabia, India, Egypt, and Iraq.

• Europe:

  • Arms imports increased by 3.2% from 2010–14 to 2015–19.
  • Main recipients: France, Germany, and the UK.

• Africa:

  • Arms imports decreased by 16% from 2010–14 to 2015–19.
  • Russia was the largest supplier to the region, followed by the USA and China.

• Asia and Oceania:

  • Arms imports decreased by 7.9% from 2010–14 to 2015–19.
  • Main suppliers: Russia (29%), USA (27%), and China (10%).

• Americas:

  • Arms imports decreased by 40% from 2010–14 to 2015–19.
  • Mexico accounted for 70% of arms imports in Central America and the Caribbean.

Additional Insights

• The SIPRI Arms Transfers Database now includes updated data for 1950–2019, accessible since March 2020.
• Regional Changes:
  • Middle East and Europe saw increases in arms transfers.
  • Africa, Americas, and Asia and Oceania experienced declines.
• Conflict and Arms Transfers:
  • The conflict in Libya led to significant arms transfers despite the UN arms embargo.
  • The UAE played a key role in supplying arms to the LNA and continued to be a major arms importer.