2015年-世界发展银行全球_Environment_and_Social_Policy_and_Procedures___Volume_2_Mizoram_Annexes_283页_24mb

Summary of Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures for Mizoram

Core Content

This document provides an overview of environmental and social policies and procedures in Mizoram, including land use, soil types, geology, climate, protected areas, and demographic and economic data. It also outlines the cost estimates for the NER Power System Improvement Project in Mizoram, split into Transmission/Sub-Transmission and Distribution System components.

Main Points

1. Geographical Overview

• Mizoram is located in the northeastern part of India, bordered by Myanmar to the east and south, Bangladesh to the west, and adjacent states like Tripura, Assam, and Manipur.
• The capital is Aizawl, and the state has an area of 21,081 sq km.
• It is connected to the national highway network through Silchar in Assam and has plans for developing waterways via the Kaladan Multi-modal Transit Transport Project.

2. Administrative Setup

• Mizoram has 8 districts, 26 rural development blocks, 830 villages, 23 towns, and 3 Autonomous District Councils (ADCs).
• The ADCs are responsible for local governance, administration, and protection of tribal interests.
• The state has a unique administrative system with no Tahluk/Tahsil divisions.

3. Environmental Baseline

a. Land Use

• Mizoram has a diverse hilly terrain with 90.38% of its area covered by forests.
• Land use categories include forests (76.39%), fallow lands (8.82%), and net sown area (4.97%).
• Jhum (slash-and-burn) cultivation is still practiced, affecting soil and forest productivity.

b. Soil Types

• The soil is classified into three types: Hill Soil, Valley Soil, and Terrace Soil.
• Jhum cultivation is causing soil degradation and affecting biodiversity.

c. Geology and Mineral Resources

• The area is characterized by Neogene sedimentary rocks, including the Surma Group and Tipam Formation.
• Minor minerals are found in various locations, though the main mineral is used for construction.

d. Climate and Temperature

• The state has a tropical climate with four distinct seasons: winter, spring, summer, and monsoon.
• Winter temperatures range from 11°C to 24°C, while summer temperatures can reach up to 30°C.
• Annual rainfall ranges from 1700mm to 3300mm, spread over 8-10 months.

e. Protected Areas

• Mizoram has 10 protected areas, including 2 National Parks, 1 Tiger Reserve, and 7 Wildlife Sanctuaries.
• Total protected area covers 1240.75 sq km, which is 5.88% of the state's total area.

f. Wetlands

• The state has natural lakes, tectonic lakes, and artificial reservoirs.
• Palak Dil is a significant natural lake with rich biodiversity and is surrounded by tropical evergreen forests.

4. Social Baseline

a. Demographics

• Population: ~1,097,206 (as per 2011 Census).
• Population density: 52 persons per sq km.
• Sex ratio: 975 females per 1000 males.
• Literacy rate: 91.58%, with 51.70% male literacy and 40.96% female literacy.
• SC population: 0.11%, ST population: 95%.

b. Economy

• Mizoram is economically backward despite a high literacy rate.
• The economy is primarily agro-based, with agriculture, handloom, and horticulture as major sectors.
• The state has a growing tourism industry and is developing Special Economic Zones (SEZs) to boost economic growth.

5. Key Projects and Cost Estimates

a. NER Power System Improvement Project

• Transmission / Sub-Transmission System (Part A)

  • Total Project Cost (Incl. Consultancy Fees): ₹272.56 crores
  • Interest During Construction (IDC): ₹15.93 crores
  • Grand Total: ₹288.49 crores
  • Funding: 50% from World Bank, 50% from GOI

• Distribution System (Part B)

  • Total Project Cost (Incl. Consultancy Fees): ₹9.83 crores
  • Interest During Construction (IDC): ₹0.57 crores
  • Grand Total: ₹10.41 crores
  • Funding: 50% from World Bank, 50% from GOI

6. Key Policies and Procedures

• Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Rehabilitation Act, 2013 (RFCTLARRA, 2013)
• Electricity Act, 2003
• Forest Clearance Process and Online Submission and Monitoring of Forests Clearances Proposals (OSMFCP)
• Environment Impact Assessment Notification, 2006
• Compensation for Tree/Crop/Tower Footing (Non-Forest Land)
• Health and Safety Checklist
• Regulations for Safety and Electric Supply
• Pro-forma for Environment and Social Details for Transmission Line and Sub-Stations
• Form-8 for Disposal of Batteries
• Form-2 for Maintaining Records of E-Waste Handled / Generated
• Social Management Framework (SMF)
• Public Consultation Process by PEDM

Key Information

• Mizoram has a unique administrative system with ADCs managing tribal areas.
• The state is highly forested, with over 90% of its geographical area covered by forests.
• Jhum cultivation is a traditional practice that affects the environment and soil productivity.
• The state has a high percentage of Scheduled Tribe population (95%) and is working to improve its economy through infrastructure and SEZs.
• The NER Power System Improvement Project is a major initiative aimed at improving power supply, with detailed cost estimates and compensation mechanisms in place.
• Environmental and social procedures are well-documented, ensuring compliance with national and international standards.