2015年-世界发展银行全球_Environmental_and_Social_Policy_and_Procedures___Volume_2_Nagaland_Annexes_325页_25mb

Summary of Environmental & Social Policy & Procedures (ESPP) for Nagaland

Core Content

The Environmental & Social Policy & Procedures (ESPP) document outlines the environmental and social considerations for the NER Power System Improvement Project - Tranche-I in Nagaland. It provides comprehensive details on the state's demographic profile, land use, forest cover, biodiversity, and legal framework, while also detailing the project's financial structure and land acquisition processes.

Main Points

1. Environmental & Social Sensitivities

• Nagaland has a rich biodiversity due to its varied physiographic and geo-climatic conditions, including tropical rainforests, alpine vegetation, and sub-tropical regions.
• The state is part of one of the 25 global biodiversity hotspots.
• Nagaland has 4 major protected forests and 9 Important Bird Areas (IBA), supporting rare flora and fauna, including several bird species like the Amur Falcon, Rufous-necked Hornbill, and Grey Sibia.
• Wetlands are significant for biodiversity and the livelihood of indigenous communities, with notable examples like Doyang Lake and Chathe Reservoir.

2. Demographic Profile

• As of the 2011 census, Nagaland has a population of 19.80 Lakhs, with a sex ratio of 931 (below national average).
• Literacy rate has increased from 66.59% in 2001 to 79.55% in 2011.
• The population is predominantly Naga (98.2%), composed of 17 recognized tribes.
• Urbanization has increased to 28.86% in the last decade.

3. Land Use and Forests

• Nagaland has 11 districts, with Kohima as the capital.
• Forest cover constitutes 78.68% of the total area, with most forests under private or community ownership.
• The state has a variety of forest types, with Tuensang having the largest area of Very Dense Forest and Mon the least.
• The Naga customary law governs land ownership and management, with village councils playing a central role in land use and resource management.

4. Protected Areas and Wildlife Corridors

• Nagaland has 4 protected forests and 9 IBAs.
• These areas are crucial for biodiversity and include habitats for various species such as elephants, tigers, and several bird species.
• The Amur Falcon migrates through Nagaland, particularly using forested patches near Doyang reservoir.

5. Legal Framework

• Article 371A of the Indian Constitution grants Nagaland special autonomy in governance, particularly regarding land and customary laws.
• The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Rehabilitation Act, 2013 (RFCTLARRA, 2013) is not currently applicable due to lack of state legislative approval.
• Land acquisition for the project is planned through donation or negotiated purchase on a willing buyer and willing seller basis.

6. Project Cost and Funding

• The total estimated cost of the project is Rs. 695.31 Crores.
• The project is partly funded by the World Bank (50%) and fully funded by the Government of India (50%).
• The cost includes land acquisition, compensation for temporary damages, and forest compensation.
• Interest During Construction (IDC) is calculated at 12% on the loan portion (50% of total cost).

Key Information

7. Land Acquisition and Compensation

• Land for substations is secured either through donation, negotiated purchase, or involuntary acquisition.
• Compensation is provided for:
  • Crop, Tree, and Tower Footing (non-forest land)
  • Forest Land (separate process)
• The Compensation Plan for Temporary Damages (CPTD) is part of the project’s environmental and social procedures.

8. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

• The Environment Impact Assessment Notification, 2006 is referenced for EIA procedures.
• The Initial Environment Assessment Report (IEAR) and Final Environment Assessment Report (FEAR) outline the environmental details and impact analysis for the project.

9. Social Management Framework (SMF)

• The SMF outlines the social management process, including:
  • Public Consultation as a key part of the process.
  • Village Councils as the primary authority for land and resource management.
  • Community forests and village forests are managed by village councils and committees.
  • The SMF includes checklists and pro-formas for ensuring compliance with social and environmental standards.

10. Safety and Compliance

• The Health and Safety Checklists and Safety Plan are included to ensure safe working conditions.
• Regulations for Safety and Electric Supply are outlined to ensure compliance with national and state safety standards.
• The Right of Way (RoW) in Forest for 132 kV S/C Line is a key consideration during construction.

Conclusion

The ESPP document for Nagaland emphasizes the importance of environmental and social considerations in the NER Power System Improvement Project. It provides a detailed framework for land acquisition, compensation processes, biodiversity protection, and legal compliance, ensuring that the project adheres to both national and state-level policies. The involvement of village councils and community-based management of forests and land is a key feature, reflecting the unique socio-cultural context of Nagaland.