2015年-世界发展银行全球_Environmental_and_Social_Policy_and_Procedures___Volume_1_Mizoram_140页_2mb

报告摘要

Summary of Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures for Mizoram's Power & Electricity Department (PEDM)

Core Content

This document outlines the Environment and Social Policy and Procedures (ESPP) for the Power & Electricity Department of Mizoram (PEDM), as part of the NER Power System Improvement Project (NERPSIP), which is supported by the World Bank and the Government of India (GoI). The ESPP serves as a guiding framework for managing environmental and social concerns associated with the Transmission and Distribution (T&D) projects in Mizoram.

Main Points

1. Project Context

The NER (North East Region) of India, including Mizoram, faces challenges in electricity access and availability, with per capita consumption being only one-third of the national average.
The NERPSIP aims to strengthen and augment T&D infrastructure across six states, including Mizoram, with three investment tranches of US$ 500 million each.
The first tranche (2014–2021) focuses on priority investments and technical assistance for capacity building in power utilities.
POWERGRID is the Central Implementing Agency, while state governments retain ownership of the assets.

2. PEDM's Commitment

PEDM is committed to sustainable development by integrating environmental and social considerations into its project planning and implementation.
The ESPP is designed to ensure transparency, identification, assessment, and management of environmental and social impacts.
The policy is a living document that will be updated based on field experiences and relevant factors.

3. Key Principles of the ESPP

Avoidance of environmentally and socially sensitive areas during project planning.
Minimization of impacts when activities occur in such areas.
Mitigation of unavoidable negative impacts.

4. Methodology & Approach

The ESPP was developed using state-specific environmental and social assessments.
It incorporates primary and secondary data, consultations, and library research.
A wide range of receptors are considered, including:
- Physical and chemical environment (e.g., water, soil).
- Biological environment (e.g., forests, wildlife).
- Communities, social groups, and individuals (e.g., land loss, health risks).

5. Stakeholder Consultation

Key stakeholders include local, state, regional, and central government bodies, as well as World Bank officials.
Consultations were conducted through formal and informal discussions to gather views and concerns from stakeholders.
These discussions helped identify potential environmental and social issues and integrate them into the ESPP.

6. Mizoram Overview

Geography: Mizoram is located in the north-eastern part of India, bordered by Myanmar on three sides and Manipur, Assam, and Tripura on the other.
Governance: The state has Autonomous District Councils (ADCs), which provide local autonomy to tribal communities.
Demographics: Mizoram has a high literacy rate (91.58%) and a high proportion of tribal population (94%).
Population Density: Low at 52 persons/sq. km, compared to the national average of 382 persons/sq. km.
Land Use: Over 90% of the state is covered by forests, with 10 protected areas including 2 National Parks, 1 Tiger Reserve, and 7 Wildlife Sanctuaries, covering 1240.75 sq. km or 5.88% of the state’s total area.

7. Subprojects in Tranche-I of NERPSIP

A summary of Tranche-I subprojects under NERPSIP is provided in Table 2.
The subprojects include 132 kV transmission lines, 132/33 kV substations, 33 kV distribution lines, and 33/11 kV substations.
Estimated total cost for Tranche-I is US$ 2967.20 million for transmission lines and US$ 200.40 million for distribution lines.

Key Environmental and Social Issues

Environmental Issues

Impact on forests and biodiversity (e.g., national parks, wildlife sanctuaries).
Waste management (used oil, e-waste, oil spills, sanitation).
Occupational health and safety during implementation, operation, and maintenance.
Soil erosion and slope instability.
Leakage of SF6, a potent greenhouse gas.
Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) exposure from transmission lines and towers.

Social and Institutional Issues

Land acquisition for substation construction.
Temporary damages to land, crops, trees, and structures during construction.
Community participation in planning, implementation, and operation.
Health and safety risks including HIV/AIDS.
Inclusion of local communities, women, and inter-agency coordination.

Key Management Measures

Compensation and Rehabilitation for affected communities.
Health and safety requirements and checklists.
Grievance Redressal Mechanism (GRM) with a Grievance Redressal Committee (GRC).
Monitoring and Evaluation procedures.
Training and capacity building for staff.
Integration of E & S management into the overall project cycle.

Legal and Regulatory Framework

Compliance with national and state-level legislations and multilateral agency guidelines.
Adherence to the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Rehabilitation Act, 2013 (RFCTLARRA, 2013).
Following Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) procedures and Environmental Assessment Management Plan (EAMP).
Compliance with Electricity Act, 2003, Forest Clearance Process, and other relevant regulations.

Implementation Arrangement

Administrative setup for project implementation is defined.
Progress review mechanisms are in place.
PEDM is responsible for environment and social management through its Environment and Social Management Cell (ESMC).
The ESPP is integrated into the project cycle, from planning to decommissioning.

Conclusion

The ESPP is a comprehensive and dynamic policy aimed at ensuring environmental and social sustainability in the T&D projects of Mizoram. It outlines clear procedures, roles and responsibilities, mitigation measures, and capacity building to address the unique challenges of the NER and Mizoram in particular. The policy emphasizes transparency, community engagement, and compliance with legal and regulatory standards.