2024-04-29-世界卫生组织-Road_safety_Spain_2023_country_profile_1页_204kb

Spain Road Safety Profile

Spain has a population of approximately 47.5 million people, classified as a high-income country within the WHO European Region. It has actively participated in the Global Status Report on Road Safety (GSRRS) since 2009, including the 2023 report.

Burden of Road Traffic Crashes

In 2021, Spain reported 1,533 road traffic fatalities, with a WHO-estimated rate of 3.5 deaths per 100,000 population. Males accounted for 79% of fatalities. Urban speed limits are set at 50 km/h, with maximum rural and motorway limits at 90 and 120 km/h, respectively. National laws exist for drink-driving, with BAC limits at ≤0.05 g/dl for general drivers and ≤0.03 g/dl for young drivers, along with random breath testing and prohibitions on driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs.

Road User Behavior and Legislation

Spain addresses risky behaviors through legislation on urban speed limits, drink-driving, helmet use (motorcycle riders), periodic vehicle inspections, and bans on handheld mobile phone use while driving. Helmets are mandatory, with a high wearing rate (99% for drivers, 96% for passengers). Anti-lock braking systems (ABS), electronic stability control (ESC), and child restraints are mandated, with laws requiring seat-belt use (96% compliance) and prohibiting alcohol consumption in certain contexts. Legislation covers all road users, and drivers are tested post-fatal crashes.

Safe Road Infrastructure

Spain adheres to technical standards for new roads based on UN conventions, ensuring all-road-user safety. Local authorities can modify speed limits, and random enforcement occurs. Investments target high-risk locations, but specific national speed reduction targets are not detailed.

Safe Vehicles

All four-wheel vehicles undergo safety inspections, and regulations require minimum child ages for passenger travel. Spain has strong adherence to UN road safety conventions, including five out of seven targets, and a national law on electronic stability control and pedestrian protection. Used-vehicle imports use high-quality safety standards, and vehicle procurement includes safety prerequisites.

Post-Crash Response

National laws provide free access to emergency and rehabilitative care, with universal seat-belt requirements and psychological support for crash victims. Seat-belt compliance is high (96-99%), and targets aim for faster professional emergency response times.

Institutional Framework and National Targets

Spain has a road safety strategy with a fatality reduction target of 50% by 2030 and a non-fatal injuries target of 50% by 2030. Funding for implementation is partially secured. The country promotes alternatives to personal vehicle use, with strategies like public awareness, and designates national lead agencies. Adherence to UN conventions is partial, and data systems track fatalities, speeding violations, and other injury-related metrics. Moderate to strong interventions exist for road safety compliance.

Data and Compliance

Spain utilizes national data systems for vital statistics, journey frequency, and crashes, with updated policies and periodic reviews by WHO. Compliance includes meeting 5 of 7 UN road safety conventions and hosting a national focal point for data management.