美国德国马歇尔基金会-中欧激进右翼与欧盟外交政策（英文）-2021.5-21页_819kb

Summary of Central Europe's Radical Right and EU Foreign Policy

Core Content

The paper analyzes the growing influence of radical right parties in Central Europe and their potential impact on the European Union's foreign policy. Over the past decade, these parties have become a stable and influential force in national and European politics, often transforming from mainstream to radical right. Their positions on international cooperation, national sovereignty, and the EU's role in global affairs reflect a spectrum of views, with some adopting a hard Eurosceptic stance and others a more moderate, "soft Eurosceptic" approach.

Main Points

• Radical Right Parties' Rise: These parties have gained prominence due to their strong stance on national sovereignty, immigration, and the rejection of supranational governance. Some, like Fidesz in Hungary and PiS in Poland, have transitioned from mainstream to radical right while in government.

• Foreign Policy Goals: The parties generally emphasize national sovereignty, often criticizing the EU for undermining it. They advocate for policies that reflect ethnic nationalism, cultural preservation, and the promotion of national interests over supranational ones.

• EU and NATO Relations: Most parties are Eurosceptic, with some calling for EU exit or reform. However, their views on NATO vary. PiS and Fidesz support NATO, while others, like SPD and RN, are more critical or advocate for a reduction in NATO's role. The V4 (Visegrad Group) is seen as a key platform for regional cooperation and amplifying Central European voices in the EU.

• Relations with Great Powers: The parties have different stances on their relationships with the United States, Russia, and China. While PiS and Fidesz have complex relationships with the U.S., emphasizing both security and economic ties, some parties, like Jobbik and Fidesz, are more pro-Russian, while others, such as SPD and RN, are more critical of Russia. China is generally viewed as a potential market and investment source.

• Impact on EU Foreign Policy: Although these parties are not in government in all countries, their growing electoral success and influence over mainstream parties pose a challenge to the EU's unity and democratic values. They aim to shift EU policies to the right, often through securitizing migration and promoting nationalist narratives.

Key Information

Table 1: Electorally Relevant Radical Right Parties in Central Europe

Table 2: Radical Right Parties' Attitudes toward the EU and NATO

Conclusion

The radical right parties in Central Europe, despite their varied approaches, share a common goal of redefining the region's role in the EU and the global order. Their influence, whether direct or indirect, challenges the EU's ability to maintain a unified and democratic foreign policy. Countering this influence requires pro-EU mainstream parties to resist co-opting radical right ideas and to communicate rational, values-based policies effectively. The potential for these parties to shape EU foreign policy, especially through regional cooperation initiatives like the V4 and the Three Seas Initiative, highlights the need for continued monitoring and strategic responses from both national and EU institutions.