国际天然气联盟-2020年度全球天然气报告（英文）-2020.10-76页_7mb

报告摘要

Global Gas Report 2020 Summary

Core Content

The Global Gas Report 2020 provides an in-depth analysis of the global gas industry, highlighting its performance in 2019 and the challenges and opportunities it faces in the context of the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic. The report is a collaborative effort between Snam, the International Gas Union (IGU), and BloombergNEF, with input from other industry participants like DESFA, Interconnector UK, Terega, and TAG. It emphasizes the role of hydrogen and low-carbon gas technologies in the energy transition.

Main Points

1. 2019 Industry Performance

Global gas consumption grew by 2.3%, reaching a new record, with China and the U.S. being the main contributors.
LNG trade increased by 13% in 2019, the fastest growth since 2010, driven by rising demand in South Asia and increased liquidity in gas markets.
Gas prices reached historic lows due to abundant supply, supporting cost-competitiveness and fuel switching from coal to gas in key markets.
Pipeline trade also saw growth, with new pipeline routes from Russia to China and Europe commissioned, enhancing supply security.

2. Impact of Covid-19

The pandemic caused a 4% decline in gas demand for 2020, with LNG trade also declining by a similar margin.
Uncertainty remains about the long-term effects of the pandemic on the gas industry and the broader energy sector.
However, recovery is expected in the next two years as the global economy regains momentum.

3. Key Drivers for Recovery

Abundant supply and low prices will help rebound in demand.
Clean air policies in major markets like China and India are supporting coal-to-gas switching, which improves air quality and reduces emissions.
Technological innovation and policy support are crucial for reducing pollution and enabling sustainable growth.

4. Role of Natural Gas in the Future Energy Mix

Natural gas is playing a vital role in the low-carbon transition, especially as a flexible resource to complement renewables.
It is being used in shipping, aviation, and heavy-duty transport due to new regulations like those from the International Maritime Organisation (IMO).

5. Decarbonization Opportunities: Focus on Hydrogen

Hydrogen is gaining momentum and is seen as a key solution for decarbonizing hard-to-abate sectors.
Biomethane and carbon capture and storage (CCS) are also important technologies for the gas industry to reduce emissions.
Hydrogen production costs are projected to decrease to $2/kg by 2030 and $1/kg by 2050, making it more viable for various applications.
Infrastructure investment is critical for hydrogen development, including storage, transport, and blending into existing gas networks.

6. Infrastructure Investment

LNG import terminals and pipeline infrastructure are essential for long-term growth and supply security.
In 2019, 11 new LNG import terminals were commissioned, with India leading the way.
Pipeline projects like Power of Siberia, TurkStream, and NordStream 2 are key to future supply security.
Gas storage is also important for market stability and reducing price volatility.

7. Market Trends and Policy Support

New trading hubs and financial derivatives are fostering market growth and liquidity.
Third-party access to LNG import and gas transmission infrastructure is being promoted in markets like China and India.
Policy support is needed to reduce barriers for hydrogen adoption and to promote low-carbon technologies.

Key Figures

Global gas consumption in 2019: 2.3% growth
LNG trade growth in 2019: 13% increase
Gas price drops at key hubs: Henry Hub, TTF, JKM
LNG supply growth: 97 billion cubic meters per annum
Hydrogen potential: Could abate up to 37% of energy-related greenhouse gas emissions
Hydrogen production costs: $2/kg in 2030, $1/kg in 2050

Conclusion

The Global Gas Report 2020 underscores the resilience of the gas industry, despite the challenges posed by Covid-19. It highlights the importance of cost-competitiveness, sustainability, and infrastructure investment in driving future growth and supporting the low-carbon transition. The role of hydrogen is emphasized as a critical enabler for achieving climate goals, with policy and investment being essential to unlock its potential.