世界发展银行-Tracking-SDG-7-_-The-Energy-Progress-Report-2019_176页_49mb

2019 Tracking SDG7: The Energy Progress Report Summary

Core Content

The 2019 Tracking SDG7: The Energy Progress Report is a joint publication by five custodian agencies: the International Energy Agency (IEA), International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD), World Bank Group (WB), and World Health Organization (WHO). The report assesses global progress toward achieving Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7), which aims to ensure access to affordable, reliable, and modern energy services for all, increase the share of renewable energy, and double the global rate of energy efficiency improvement.

Main Messages

Overall Progress Toward SDG7

• The world is making progress toward achieving SDG7, but will not meet the 2030 targets at the current rate.
• SDG 7.1 (access to electricity and clean cooking) and SDG 7.2 (renewable energy) are the primary focus areas.
• SDG 7.3 (energy efficiency) requires a faster rate of improvement than what has been achieved so far.
• To achieve the SDG7 targets, energy sector investment needs to more than double between 2018 and 2030, reaching approximately $55 billion for energy access, $700 billion for renewables, and $600 billion for energy efficiency.

Access to Electricity

• The global electrification rate increased from 83% in 2010 to 89% in 2017, with 840 million people still without access.
• The progress was not evenly distributed, with Sub-Saharan Africa being the region with the largest access deficit (573 million people).
• India, Bangladesh, Kenya, and Myanmar made the most significant progress in expanding electricity access.
• Urban areas have higher access rates (97%) compared to rural areas (79%).
• Access remains a challenge for marginalized and remote populations, especially in overburdened cities and displaced communities.
• Reliability and affordability are still major issues in many access-deficit countries.
• If current progress continues, 650 million people will still lack access to electricity by 2030, with 90% of them in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Access to Clean Cooking Solutions

• The share of the global population with access to clean cooking solutions increased from 57% in 2010 to 61% in 2017, but remains just under 3 billion without access.
• India and China account for the largest shares of the clean cooking access deficit, with 25% and 20% of their populations respectively.
• In 6 of the 20 countries with the largest access deficits, less than 5% of the population uses clean fuels.
• Wood and charcoal remain the most common cooking fuels, with charcoal use increasing in Sub-Saharan Africa.
• Kerosene use is declining, while cleaner gaseous fuels are increasing.
• Universal access to clean cooking is essential to prevent 3.8 million premature deaths annually, primarily among women and children.
• Clean cooking solutions can also save time and reduce deforestation and emissions.

Renewable Energy

• Renewables accounted for 17.5% of global energy consumption in 2016, up from 15.1% in 2010.
• Modern renewables (excluding traditional biomass) reached 10.2% of total energy consumption in 2016, up from 8.6% in 2010.
• Electricity is the fastest-growing sector for renewable energy use, driven by wind and solar expansion.
• Hydropower remains the largest source of renewable electricity, contributing 68% in 2016.
• Renewables in heat and transport lag behind, with 9% of heat and 3.3% of transport coming from renewables in 2016.
• Top 20 energy-consuming countries account for 75% of global energy demand and 67% of global renewable consumption.
• Policy support and cost-competitiveness of solar and wind technologies are expected to drive future renewable deployment.

Energy Efficiency

• Global primary energy intensity fell to 5.1 MJ/USD in 2016, representing a 2.5% improvement from 2015.
• This rate is slower than the target rate of 2.7% per year for SDG 7.3.
• The rate of improvement slowed in 2017 and 2018, with a 1.3% improvement in 2018.
• Industry and passenger transport showed the fastest efficiency improvements, with over 2% annual gains.
• Services, agriculture, and residential sectors improved at over 1.5% annually.
• Fossil fuel generation efficiency and reduced transmission and distribution losses are key factors in energy efficiency gains.
• Digital technologies are expected to create new opportunities for efficiency improvements.

Key Recommendations

• Political commitment and long-term energy planning are essential.
• Private financing should be stepped up to support clean energy projects.
• Incentives for clean technologies and multi-sectoral collaboration are necessary.
• Gender considerations must be integrated into energy policies and programs.
• Data-based decision-making and advanced policy frameworks are recommended to accelerate progress.
• Tailored policies addressing affordability, supply, and social acceptability are needed for clean cooking solutions.

Conclusion

The report highlights that while progress is being made toward SDG7, more effort is required to meet the 2030 targets. SDG7 and SDG13 (climate mitigation) are closely linked, and achieving both requires sustainable investment and policy integration. The Energy Progress Report serves as a critical tool for monitoring and guiding global efforts to ensure affordable, reliable, and sustainable energy access for all.