2017年-数据局_Inrix：2016年全球交通拥堵情况排行榜报告_44页_4mb

INRIX 2016 Traffic Scorecard Summary

Core Content

The INRIX 2016 Traffic Scorecard is the most comprehensive study of traffic congestion to date, analyzing 1,064 cities across 38 countries. It provides insights into the scale and impact of congestion, both on drivers and the broader economy, and introduces new metrics for evaluating urban mobility. The report highlights the global nature of congestion, showing that it affects not only major metropolitan areas but also smaller and developing cities.

Main Points

• Congestion as a Global Issue: Congestion is not limited to developed countries. It is a global challenge affecting cities in South America, Asia, and Europe.
• Congestion Metrics: The report introduces the INRIX Congestion Index (ICI), which measures congestion based on weighted averages of trip volumes and median travel times, offering a more accurate reflection of real-world driving patterns.
• Peak Hours: Peak congestion hours are now defined locally based on actual driving behavior, rather than a fixed global definition, which allows for a more precise understanding of congestion's impact.
• Economic Impact: The study calculates the economic cost of congestion for the US, UK, and Germany, including both direct (time, fuel, emissions) and indirect (increased prices for goods and services) costs.
• Urbanization Trends: With global population expected to reach 9.7 billion by 2050, 70% of whom will live in cities, the report emphasizes that urbanization and continued growth will likely increase congestion levels.

Key Findings

Global City Rankings

• Los Angeles ranked first with 104 peak hours spent in congestion.
• Moscow followed with 91 hours, New York with 89 hours, San Francisco with 83 hours, and Bogotá with 80 hours.
• The top 5 cities in the global ranking include:
  • Los Angeles (North America)
  • Moscow (Europe)
  • New York (North America)
  • San Francisco (North America)
  • Bogotá (South America)

Country Rankings

• Thailand ranked first in the country ranking with 61 peak hours of congestion.
• Colombia and Indonesia tied for second with 47 hours.
• Russia and the US tied for fourth with 42 hours.
• The UK ranked 11th with 32 hours, and Germany ranked 12th with 30 hours.
• Developed vs. Developing Countries: Developed countries have more cities included in the study, but developing countries have fewer cities with extremely high congestion levels due to inadequate public transportation and chaotic road networks.

Economic Cost of Congestion

• The economic cost of congestion is calculated using:
  • Direct costs: Time lost, fuel wasted, and emissions.
  • Indirect costs: Higher prices for goods and services due to business delays.
• The study assumes 90% of business costs are passed on to households.
• The value of time and vehicle occupancy are key factors in calculating these costs, with different values for different trip types (commuting, business, other).

Methodology and Data Sources

• Data: INRIX uses real-time GPS data from 300 million connected vehicles and devices, covering over 5 million miles of roads across 40+ countries.
• Metrics:
  • Average Congestion Rate: A simple average of congestion across all times and locations.
  • INRIX Congestion Index: A weighted average that considers trip volume, median travel time, and road network characteristics.
  • Peak Hours Spent in Congestion: Calculated by applying the average peak congestion rate to total travel time.
• Methodological Innovations:
  • Localized peak hour definitions based on actual driving patterns.
  • Use of quantitative urban boundaries formed by clustering dense roadways, allowing for more accurate comparisons between cities.

Conclusion

The INRIX 2016 Traffic Scorecard underscores the severity and global reach of traffic congestion. It provides a detailed benchmark for measuring urban mobility and highlights the need for intelligent transportation systems and data-driven policies to mitigate congestion. The report serves as a valuable resource for policymakers, urban planners, and researchers seeking to understand and address the challenges of urban mobility in an increasingly connected and urbanized world.