深度-福特-福特自动驾驶（英文）-2021.6-40页_18mb

A MATTER OF TRUST 2.0: Ford's Self-Driving Vehicle Approach Summary

Core Purpose

Ford's purpose is to help build a better world where every person is free to move and pursue their dreams. This mission drives the development of self-driving vehicles as part of a broader vision to improve mobility through safe, trusted, and affordable solutions.

Self-Driving Vehicle Definition

Ford defines a self-driving vehicle as one equipped with an Automated Driving System (ADS) that meets the SAE J3016 standard for Level 4 or Level 5 automation. These vehicles are capable of performing the dynamic driving task (DDT) without a driver under specific conditions (Operational Design Domain, or ODD).

Technology Partner: Argo AI

• Argo AI is Ford's technology partner, specializing in AI and robotics.
• They develop the Self-Driving System (SDS), which includes sensors (lidar, cameras, radar), algorithms, and 3D maps.
• Argo AI has global headquarters in Pittsburgh, with engineering centers in Palo Alto, Detroit, Cranbury, and Munich.
• They collaborate with universities like Carnegie Mellon and Georgia Tech to foster research and innovation.

Ford's History with Automation

• Ford has a long history of developing driver-assist technologies, which are classified as SAE J3016 Levels 0-2.
• These technologies enhance safety and convenience but require the driver to remain engaged.
• Examples include blind spot monitoring, lane keeping assist, and adaptive cruise control.

Self-Driving Service Launch and Testing

• Ford plans to launch its self-driving service in Austin, Miami, and Washington, DC, within geo-fenced areas.
• Testing is also ongoing in Detroit, Palo Alto, and Pittsburgh.
• Ford and Argo AI have what may be the largest and most diverse urban testing footprint in the industry.
• Testing in multiple cities helps the ADS adapt to a wide range of scenarios, behaviors, and imagery, enabling faster scalability.

Safety and Reliability

• Ford and Argo AI prioritize safety, reliability, and valuable customer experiences.
• The ADS is tested rigorously through simulation, closed-course driving, and real-world testing with test specialists.
• The safety envelope concept ensures the vehicle maintains a safe distance and lateral margin from other road users during motion planning and control.

Key Components of Self-Driving Vehicles

• Perception System: Uses sensors and compute to understand the traffic scene, detect objects, and predict behavior.
• Motion Planning System: Combines perception data with route objectives to determine safe and efficient vehicle trajectories.
• Control System: Executes precise commands for steering, braking, and acceleration to follow the planned trajectory.
• High-Definition Maps: Provide detailed 3D information of the environment, including traffic signs, speed limits, and road structures.

Collaboration and Regulation

• Ford collaborates with cities, neighborhoods, and communities to build trust and ensure safe deployment.
• They are part of several industry consortia:
  • AVSC (Autonomous Vehicle Safety Consortium)
  • PEGASUS² (Project for the Establishment of Generally Accepted Quality Criteria)
  • AMP (Automated Mobility Partnership)
• Ford is also working with NHTSA on the AV Test Initiative to promote transparency and public understanding.

Benefits of Self-Driving Vehicles

• Safety: Ford believes self-driving vehicles can reduce crashes and fatalities, complementing existing safety technologies.
• Mobility: They can provide ride-hailing and goods delivery services, making transportation more accessible and affordable.
• Urban Impact: Self-driving vehicles have the potential to reduce congestion, improve road safety, and enhance the overall driving experience.

Future Outlook

• Ford plans to transition from hybrid vehicles to all-electric platforms as battery technology becomes viable.
• The company is focused on creating a trusted and reliable service that can operate without a driver in the long term.
• Ford is committed to transparent communication and community engagement to ensure the successful adoption of self-driving technology.

Frequently Asked Questions Highlights

• Will Ford’s self-driving service be truly driverless? Yes, within defined ODDs.
• Will the interior look like the Escape today? No, it will be modified for both people and goods.
• Why hybrid over electric? Due to current battery limitations, but the transition is planned.
• How are test drivers trained? Through a rigorous program that includes classroom and closed-course training.
• Can self-driving vehicles operate in school zones? Yes, with close collaboration with local authorities.

Conclusion

Ford and Argo AI are working together to develop safe, reliable, and user-centered self-driving vehicles that will eventually be part of a transportation-as-a-service (TaaS) model. Their approach emphasizes transparency, collaboration, and community trust, while leveraging advanced technology and industry partnerships to achieve their vision of a better, more connected future.