2003-12-31-世界卫生组织-2004_GYTS_Fact_Sheet_Pakistan_Peshawar_1页_38kb

Pakistan - Peshawar Global Youth Tobacco Survey Summary

This summary covers the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) conducted in Pakistan's Peshawar district in 2004, targeting students aged 13-15. It provides data on tobacco use prevalence, key determinants, attitudes, and behaviors.

Survey Overview

• Target Population: Students in grades 8, 9, and 10, aged 13-15.
• Sampling Design: A two-stage cluster sampling method with probability proportional to enrollment size, resulting in high response rates (100% school, 100% class, 87.6% student, and 87.6% overall).
• Participation: 1,216 students took part in the survey.
• Focus Areas: Prevalence of tobacco use, determinants like access/availability, secondhand smoke exposure, cessation efforts, media and advertising influences, and school-based elements.

Key Findings on Prevalence

• Cigarette Smoking: 13.0% of students had ever smoked cigarettes; 2.6% smoke currently (boys: 2.7%, girls: 1.7%).
• Tobacco Product Use: 9.4% currently use any tobacco product (boys: 10.8%, girls: 4.1%); 7.9% use other tobacco products (boys: 9.5%, girls: 3.2%).
• Initiation Risk: 4.4% of never smokers are likely to start smoking next year.

Determinants and Risk Factors

• Access and Availability: High rates of smoking at home (4.7% usually smoke there) and belief in easy tobacco purchase (many buy from stores).
• Secondhand Smoke (SHS) Exposure: 15.6% live in households where others smoke; 32.7% are exposed outside homes; overall SHS exposure is widespread, with only 1.2% believing it is harmful.
• Family Influence: 19.1% have one or more parents who smoke.
• Social Factors: 5.2% have most or all friends smoking.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs

• Attitudes Towards Smoking: 95.1% support banning smoking in public places, and 1.2% see no harm in secondhand smoke (though many underestimate risks).
• Smoking Initiation Beliefs: Students think smoking increases social connections (e.g., 26.2% believe smoking friends have more friends).
• Awareness: 79.5% viewed anti-smoking media in the past 30 days, but 68.0% and 64.9% saw pro-tobacco ads on billboards/newspapers.

Cessation and School-Based Factors

• Quit Attempts: 100.0% of current smokers have received help to stop.
• School Curriculum: 49.0% were taught about smoking dangers; 23.7% discussed age-appropriate reasons for smoking; 46.1% learned about tobacco effects.

Conclusion

The survey highlights high tobacco use rates among adolescents, influenced by SHS exposure, media, and social norms. Only 9.4% currently use tobacco, but attitudes suggest a need for stronger comprehensive tobacco control programs, focusing on education and policy changes to reduce initiation and exposure.