旅游业是德国经济增长的驱动力（英文）_24页-1mb

Summary of "Tourism as a Driver of Economic Growth in Germany"

Core Content

This document presents an analysis of the economic significance of the tourism industry in Germany, using data from the German Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) for 2015. It outlines the contribution of tourism to the national economy in terms of value added and employment, and explores the impact of digitisation and other factors on the sector.

Main Points

• Tourism as a Key Economic Sector:
  Tourism is a major contributor to Germany's economy, generating significant value added and employment. In 2015, it accounted for €287.2 billion in total tourism consumption, representing 3.9% of Germany's total gross value added and 6.8% of total employment.

• Breakdown of Tourism Expenditure:

  • Inbound Tourism: Foreign tourists spent €39.6 billion in 2015, with €26.1 billion from overnight visitors and €10.7 billion from business overnight visitors.
  • Domestic Tourism: German residents spent €224.6 billion, with the largest share from private overnight and daytrip visitors.
  • Other Consumption: Includes rent payments for tourism-related real estate, government subsidies for cultural and sports activities, and consumer durables used for tourism purposes, totaling €23 billion.

• Contribution to Gross Value Added and Employment:

  • Direct Effects: Tourism generated €105.3 billion in gross value added and employed 2.92 million people.
  • Indirect Effects: The demand for intermediate goods and services in the tourism industry indirectly created €76.1 billion in gross value added and employed 1.25 million people.
  • Total Effects: Combined direct and indirect effects amounted to €181.4 billion in gross value added and 4.167 million jobs.

• Comparison with Other Sectors:

  • Tourism is comparable in economic importance to sectors such as retail, manufacturing of machinery and equipment, and professional and technical services.
  • It ranks second in employment share after retail and healthcare, and is more significant than construction and education.
  • Sectors like legal, accounting, and financial services have smaller contributions to both gross value added and employment.

• Development Since 2010:

  • Total tourism consumption grew by 3.2% between 2010 and 2015, from €278.3 billion to €287.2 billion.
  • Direct gross value added increased by 8.5% over the same period.
  • While total domestic gross value added rose by 18%, the share of tourism in it decreased slightly from 4.4% to 3.9%.
  • Employment in the tourism sector increased slightly from 2.86 million in 2010 to 2.92 million in 2015, but its share of total employment dropped from 7.0% to 6.8%.

• Digitisation and Its Impact:

  • The tourism industry is undergoing rapid transformation due to digital business models, particularly affecting tourism service brokering, accommodation, and passenger transport.
  • While digitisation has not yet significantly impacted the overall economic importance of tourism, its influence is expected to grow.
  • Digital platforms with international presence may affect the distribution of value added in the sector, but German tourism companies can leverage digital tools to expand their global reach.

• Key Drivers of Tourism Growth:

  • The sharing economy and tailor-made travel are emerging trends.
  • Improving mobility and aging population influence travel behavior.
  • Rising demand in emerging economies also supports growth.
  • Tourism is increasingly affected by sustainability, climate change, and security issues.

Key Information

• Data Source: The study is based on the Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) system, which follows international standards such as the UNWTO's TSA: RMF 2008 and the ESA 2010.
• Publishing Details:
  • Published by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy.
  • Project managed by the Federal Association of the German Tourism Industry (BTW).
  • Conducted by DIW Econ, with contributions from Fachhochschule Westküste and dwif-Consulting GmbH.
• Contact:
  • Email: publikationen@bundesregierung.de
  • Website: www.bmw.de
• Current Date: November 2017.

Conclusion

The tourism industry is a vital component of Germany's economy, contributing significantly to both value added and employment. The document highlights the need for continued analysis and policy adaptation to address the challenges and opportunities brought by digitisation and changing consumer behavior. It also underscores the importance of international cooperation and data consistency in evaluating the sector's economic role.