旅游业是德国经济增长的驱动力（英文版）_24页-1mb

Summary of Tourism as a Driver of Economic Growth in Germany

Core Content

This document presents an analysis of the role of tourism in the German economy, focusing on its economic impact, employment effects, and the influence of digitisation. It is based on the German Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) for the year 2015, which provides a comprehensive and internationally comparable framework for assessing tourism's contribution to economic output and employment. The study is conducted by DIW Econ and supported by the Federal Association of the German Tourism Industry (BTW) and other partners.

Main Points

• Tourism as a Key Sector: Tourism is a significant and diverse sector in Germany, contributing to both economic growth and employment.
• Economic Contribution: In 2015, tourism spending reached €287.2 billion, with domestic tourists accounting for the largest share (€224.6 billion or 78%), followed by foreign tourists (€39.6 billion or 14%), and other consumption (€23 billion or 8%).
• Employment Impact: In 2015, 2.92 million people were directly employed in the tourism industry, representing 6.8% of total employment in Germany. Indirect employment effects from intermediate goods and services amounted to 1.25 million, making total employment effects around 4.17 million.
• Value Added: Tourism generated €105.3 billion in direct gross value added, which is 3.9% of Germany’s total gross value added. Indirect effects added another €76.1 billion, for a total of €181.4 billion.
• Comparison with Other Sectors: The tourism industry's economic contribution is comparable with sectors such as retail (3.3%), machinery and equipment (3.5%), and professional and technical services (4.4%). It ranks second in terms of employment impact, behind retail (7.5%) and healthcare (7.2%).
• Growth Trends: Since 2010, tourism consumption has grown by 3.2%, while direct gross value added has increased by 8.5%. However, the share of tourism in total gross value added has slightly decreased from 4.4% to 3.9%, and its employment share has fallen from 7.0% to 6.8%.
• Digitisation and Tourism: The tourism industry is undergoing rapid transformation due to digital business models, particularly in the areas of service brokering, accommodation, and passenger transport. While digitisation has not yet significantly altered the industry's overall economic importance, it could in the future. Digital platforms may extract a larger share of value added, but German companies can also leverage digitisation for international expansion.
• Challenges and Opportunities: The tourism industry needs a supportive legal and regulatory environment to adapt to digital change. Further research is required to develop appropriate economic policy recommendations.

Key Figures at a Glance

• Tourism Spending (2015): €287.2 billion
  • Domestic tourists: €224.6 billion (78%)
  • Foreign tourists: €39.6 billion (14%)
  • Other consumption: €23 billion (8%)
• Breakdown of Spending (2015):
  • Food and beverage-serving outlets: €51.2 billion (17.8%)
  • Other goods: €49.7 billion (17.3%)
  • Accommodation: €35.8 billion (12.5%)
  • Air passenger travel: €7.6 billion (2.7%)
  • Vehicle fuel: €7.2 billion (2.5%)
  • Sporting, cultural and recreational services: €7.1 billion (2.5%)
• Direct Gross Value Added (2015): €105.3 billion (3.9% of total)
• Direct Employment (2015): 2.92 million (6.8% of total)
• Indirect Gross Value Added (2015): €76.1 billion
• Indirect Employment (2015): 1.25 million
• Total Gross Value Added (2015): €181.4 billion
• Total Employment Effects (2015): 4.17 million

Key Tables and Data

• TSA Table 1: Inbound tourism expenditure in Germany amounted to €39.6 billion in 2015, with foreign overnight visitors contributing €26.1 billion (66%) and business overnight visitors contributing €10.7 billion (27.1%).
• TSA Table 2: Domestic tourism expenditure in Germany reached €224.6 billion in 2015, with private overnight visitors and private daytrip visitors accounting for €83 billion each (37% of total expenditure). Business trips accounted for €18 billion (8%).
• TSA Table 4: Total tourism consumption in Germany in 2015 was €287.2 billion, including other consumption such as rent payments for tourism-related real estate (€3.6 billion), government subsidies for cultural and sports activities (€10.8 billion), and consumer durables for tourism (€8.6 billion).
• Table 3-1: Tourism generated direct and indirect value added and employment effects. Business trips alone contributed €18.1 billion in direct gross value added (0.7% of total) and employed 533,000 people (1.2% of total).

Conclusion

The study highlights the economic importance of tourism in Germany, noting its significant contribution to GDP and employment. It also outlines the challenges posed by digitisation and the need for a supportive policy environment to ensure sustainable growth. The new TSA system provides more accurate and comparable data, enabling better analysis and decision-making for policymakers and industry stakeholders.