2021-11-22-亚开行-绿色复苏和增长的碳定价（英）_51页_1mb

Carbon Pricing for Green Recovery and Growth

Carbon pricing is a key climate policy tool that supports green recovery and growth by internalizing the cost of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and generating revenue.

Key Findings

• Environmental and Economic Benefits: Carbon pricing reduces emissions cost-effectively, promotes clean technologies, and creates co-benefits like reduced local pollution.
• Green Recovery Support: Generates revenue (e.g., $45 billion in 2020) for countercyclical stimulus during economic downturns without hindering growth when designed properly.
• Growth-Oriented Design: Requires starting with low prices, phasing in gradually, and using revenue for climate action and green investments.
• Global Momentum: 64 carbon-pricing instruments cover 21.5% of global emissions, with growing adoption in Asia and the Pacific.
• Equity Considerations: Includes revenue recycling mechanisms to offset negative impacts on vulnerable groups.
• International Cooperation: Promises opportunities through Article 6 of the Paris Agreement.

Design Elements

• Initial Phasing: Start with low carbon prices to build infrastructure and participation.
• Revenue Use: earmark funds for climate action and green investments.
• Policy Integration: Combine with other policies for enhanced effectiveness.
• Communication: Tailor messages to stakeholders and emphasize benefits.

Revenue Utilization

• Crisis Mitigation: Use carbon taxes/ETS to raise funds, limit general spending, and boost green investment.
• Just Transition: Mobilize resources for affected workers and communities.

Conclusion

Carbon pricing is essential for both green recovery and long-term net-zero emissions goals. Success depends on phased implementation, sound revenue management, and effective communication.