亚开行-柬埔寨灾害风险融资的有利环境_国家诊断评估（英）-2024_98页_3mb

Country Diagnostics Assessment: Enabling Environment for Disaster Risk Financing in Cambodia

This assessment by the Asian Development Bank evaluates Cambodia’s disaster risk financing (DRF) strategy and its enabling environment. The goal is to strengthen financial preparedness for natural and man-made disasters, epidemics, and pandemics. The analysis considers the government’s use of budgetary mechanisms, insurance products, reinsurance options, and capital market solutions.

Findings and Key Gaps:

• Public Sector Disaster Risk Financing Landscape: The government lacks an effective DRF strategy and contingency funds. Budget allocations for disasters do not reflect realistic financing needs, and timely fund approval is delayed.

• Insurance, Reinsurance, and Capital Markets: The insurance sector is growing but faces weak human capital capacity. Professionals such as actuaries, loss adjustors, and skilled underwriters are in short supply. Low insurance literacy and limited product availability, especially for agriculture and pandemics, remain challenges.

• Social Protection Policies: Social protection mechanisms like the National Social Security Fund (NSSF) and Health Equity Fund (HEF) do not explicitly cover pandemics or epidemics. Public social protection schemes are not institutionalized, and support for low-income groups remains ad hoc.

• General Recommendations: Strengthen the enabling environment by creating a public asset register, enhancing fiscal risk analysis, developing affordable insurance products, improving weather infrastructure, and integrating shock-responsive social protection measures.

The report identifies urgent action needed to improve financial resilience against disasters, leveraging an international framework for financial risk mitigation.