2010-12-31-世界卫生组织-2011_STEPS_Fact_sheet_Iran_4页_361kb

Iran NCD Risk Factors STEPs Report Summary

Key Findings

Behavioral Risk Factors (Step 1)

• Tobacco: 10.9% of adults (incl. 12.5% male, 7.7% female) are current daily smokers. Average age of initiation is around 20 years, and smoking prevalence is higher among men (21.2%) than women (8.9%).
• Alcohol: Data indicates some consumption among adults, however specific prevalence figures for abstainers/current drinkers and risky drinking are marked as [NS] (Not Standardized or data unavailable).
• Diet: Average daily fruit servings are low (about 1.5 servings per day), vegetable servings are also low (about 1.1 servings per day), and only about 11.8% meet the WHO guideline of 5 servings/day combined vegetables and fruits.
• Physical Activity: Over 40% of adults have insufficient physical activity (<600 MET-min/week). While differences exist, insufficient activity is also reported across work, transport, and recreational contexts for most.

Physical Measurements (Step 2)

• BMI: Average BMI is over 25 kg/m² across both sexes, indicating high rates of overweight/obesity.
• Overweight/Obesity: About 48.2% of adults are classified as overweight or obese (BMI ≥ 25).
• Obesity (BMI ≥ 30): Around 16.8% of the adult population is classified as obese.
• Waist Circumference: Average waist circumference is high for all regions of the country (Generally over 84 cm).
• Blood Pressure (BP): A high percentage (over 19%) of the adult population has elevated blood pressure (SBP ≥ 140 and/or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg) and even higher percentages for treatment target (SBP ≥ 160/DBP ≥100 mmHg).

Biochemical Measurements (Step 3, ages 25-64)

• Fasting Glucose: Average fasting blood glucose is around 93 mmol/L, with about 13.8% having levels indicating impaired fasting glucose (≥ 7.0 mmol/L).
• Cholesterol: High levels of total cholesterol (mean around 182 mg/dL, >25%) and higher rates of high-risk levels (≥6.5 mmol/L) are found.

Summary of Combined Risk Factors

• Report focuses on five significant risk factors: current daily smoking, insufficient fruit/vegetable intake (<5 servings/day), low physical activity, overweight/obesity (BMI ≥25), and elevated blood pressure.
• Only about 2.8% of adults have low risk (absence of all five factors).
• Significant proportions, especially among older adults (45-64 years), exhibit raised risk, defined as having at least three of the five risk factors (over 54% in the 45-64 age group).