2010-12-31-世界卫生组织-2011_STEPS_Fact_Sheet_Fiji_2页_227kb

Fiji 2nd STEPS Survey 2011 Summary

Introduction
The Fiji 2011 STEPs survey aimed to assess non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors using a multi-stage cluster sampling design among adults aged 25-64 years. Of 4,850 approached, 2,586 (53.3%) participated.

Key Findings

1. Tobacco Use:

   • 30.8% smoked tobacco, higher in males (47.0%) and lower in females (14.3%).
   • Males also had higher daily smoking rates (27.1%) than females (6.0%), while females smoked more hand-rolled cigarettes on average (7.2/day) than males (6.9/day).

2. Alcohol Consumption:

   • Higher lifetime (61.6%) and past-year (22.7%) abstention among females.
   • Males had higher rates of current drinking (15.7%) and heavy episodic drinking (17.3%) compared to females, with the latter showing very low rates of heavy drinking.

3. Diet:

   • Average fruit and vegetable servings were below recommendations across all groups (Females reported higher fruit consumption; Vegetables consumption more common across genders).
   • Almost all participants (≥85%) consumed less than 5 servings/day.

4. Physical Activity:

   • Low adherence to WHO guidelines (46.6% male, 28.1% female, 21.3% overall).
   • Females showed higher physical activity levels (57.5%) than males (72.4%)? Wait no: data indicates males have significantly higher physical activity rates (72.4%) compared to females (57.4%), but the below tables show conflicting summaries. Clarifying: the burden of inactivity is higher in males (91.7% meeting guidelineassumption)? Wait: the "low levels of activity" definition (MET-min/day: <600) shows higher prevalence in males (23.4%) than females (15.0%). The high activity rates might need rechecking in context. Correct interpretation: Males have a higher proportion meeting high activity (≥3000 MET-min/week) than females (72.4% vs 42.8%) but lower proportion meeting low activity criteria (meaning closer to recommended levels?) Wait data interpretation conflict. Correct reading: MET-minute tables show Males more active overall than females: low activity is <600 MET-min -> higher prevalence in females? Wait, see table: percentage low activity male 23.4% (Mean BP table earlier might be same population? High activity male 72.4%, female 42.8%. Low activity male 23.4% -> higher than female 15.0% (12.4-17.8 vs 24.8-32.7) Wait, 12.4-17.8 and 24.8-32.7... the upper bound is similar. Wait table stem says minutes per day with median. Actually, the low activity definition per week in MET-min? Clarified perhaps: % meeting high activity criteria is higher for males (≥3000 MET-min/week) and lower meeting low criteria (<600 MET-min/week). So males have higher proportions doing very high or very low activity, while females likely cluster around "low" (middle range of low/high breakpoint)?

5. Metabolic Risk Factors (Body Weight & BP):

   • High overweight (BMI ≥25) and obesity (BMI ≥30) rates: Overweight prevalence 90.1%, obesity 32.0%. Males have higher BMI and overweight rates, females higher obesity rates.
   • Raised blood pressure (SBP/DBP threshold or on meds) was higher in males (33.2%) than females (28.8%).
   • High average waist circumference (90.1 cm overall, similar in both sexes).
   • Only 14.4% had high fasting blood glucose (≥7.0 mmol/L). A larger proportion (15.2%) had impaired fasting glycaemia (6.1-7.0 mmol/L).

6. Summary of Combined Risk Factors:

   • 33.9% of the adult population (25-64yrs) met 3 or more of the key NCD risk factors: current smoking, <5 fruit/veg/day, or overweight/ob/raised BP.
   • A significant proportion (35.8%) had none of these major risk factors.
   • Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) risk ≥30% or existing CVD was relatively uncommon but higher in older age groups among those aged 40-64.

7. Age Group Differences:

   • Risk factor prevalence varied slightly by age: younger (25-44yrs) had a lower proportion with multiple risk factors (28.1 vs 35.8% overall) but higher proportions in the older age group (45-64yrs) reported multiple risks (46.6%).
   • The fact-breaker sheet specifically calls out younger males (25-44yrs) as having higher risk factor profiles perhaps due to smoking prevalence? Wait: says 25-44yrs overall higher risk factors? No: percentage with three or more factors is slightly lower (28.1%) than the overall (35.8%) but compared to the key demographic. Wait, the summary text states 28.1% (25-44yrs) vs 46.6% (45-64), so older age seems to cluster more NCD risks.

8. Population Notable Population Characteristics:

   • Females showed higher abstention from harmful substances (alcohol) and higher consumption of fruits and vegetables, but more obesity and lower physical activity levels (in terms of meeting high activity goals). Males smoked more and consumed more alcohol, potentially with slightly lower diabetes rates based on glucose levels.

In summary, Fiji faces high burdens of overweight, high rates of tobacco and alcohol use among males, insufficient physical activity generally, and issues with metabolic risks like blood pressure and rising awareness of pre-diabetes and diabetes, though clear differences by gender and age group exist.