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Summary of Offshore Wind Roadmap for Sri Lanka

Core Content

This document outlines the Offshore Wind Roadmap for Sri Lanka, a strategic analysis prepared by the World Bank Group under its Offshore Wind Development Program. The report provides insights into the potential for offshore wind development, the opportunities and challenges associated with it, and a comprehensive roadmap for its implementation, including recommendations and growth scenarios.

The roadmap aims to support the Government of Sri Lanka in establishing the necessary policy, regulatory, and infrastructure frameworks to enable the successful deployment of offshore wind energy. It is intended to help Sri Lanka transition to a low-carbon energy mix, enhance energy security, and diversify the economy by leveraging its offshore wind resources.

Main Points

1. Offshore Wind Potential in Sri Lanka

• Sri Lanka has 56 GW of offshore wind potential, including:
  • 27 GW of fixed offshore wind in shallow waters (<50 meters)
  • 29 GW of floating offshore wind in deeper waters (50–1000 meters)
• The three main areas identified for offshore wind development are:
  • Area 1: North
  • Area 2: West
  • Area 3: Southeast
• The western and southern coasts have the most energetic wind speeds and suitable technical conditions.
• The first offshore projects are recommended to be developed in Mannar and Puttalam.

2. Opportunities for Offshore Wind Development

• Decarbonization: Supports Sri Lanka’s goal of achieving 70% renewable electricity generation by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2050.
• Energy Security: Reduces reliance on imported fossil fuels, which currently account for a large share of electricity generation.
• Economic Benefits: Can contribute significantly to GVA and local employment. A 500 MW offshore wind farm could generate US$570 million in GVA and 25,000 FTE jobs over its lifetime.
• Energy Exports: Potential for interconnection with India to export surplus energy and develop green hydrogen as a future export product.
• Regional Cooperation: Opportunities for collaboration with India (especially Tamil Nadu) and other countries like China and Vietnam to support supply chain development and reduce costs.

3. Challenges

• Data Gaps: Limited availability of high-resolution data on wind, geology, and marine conditions.
• Environmental and Social Constraints: Some areas are classified as restriction zones due to protected areas, turtle nesting sites, coral reefs, and mangroves.
• Supply Chain Readiness: Sri Lanka currently lacks a mature offshore wind supply chain, requiring investment and development.
• Regulatory and Policy Frameworks: Need for a streamlined and transparent regulatory environment to attract private sector investment and international financing.
• Infrastructure Requirements: Grid and port infrastructure need to be upgraded to support offshore wind integration.

Key Findings

• Suitability Assessment: Identified areas with high wind speeds and low environmental/social constraints.
• Growth Scenarios:
  • Low Growth Scenario: 0.5 GW by 2030, 1 GW by 2040, and 2 GW by 2050.
  • High Growth Scenario: 1 GW by 2030, 2.5 GW by 2040, and 4 GW by 2050.
• Cost of Energy (LCOE):
  • A 500 MW project in the Low Growth Scenario could have an LCOE of US$75–90 per MWh.
  • LCOE could fall to US$60 per MWh by 2050 as the industry matures.
• Employment and Economic Impact:
  • A 500 MW project could support 25,000 FTE jobs.
  • A 1 GW project could support 57,600 FTE jobs.
• Grid and Port Infrastructure:
  • Current grid infrastructure is not sufficient for large-scale offshore wind integration.
  • Colombo, Hambantota, and Trincomalee ports are identified as potential hubs for offshore wind activities.
• Supply Chain Readiness:
  • Sri Lanka's supply chain is currently underdeveloped.
  • Local content is a key factor in economic benefits and should be prioritized.

Pathfinder Project

• A 500 MW pathfinder project is recommended as a first step.
• Location Options:
  • Area 1 (North): Gulf of Mannar
  • Area 2 (West): Puttalam
  • Area 3 (Southeast): Hambantota
• Procurement Options:
  • One- and two-competition models are proposed for project development.
• Next Steps:
  • Conduct preparatory studies (soil, metocean, wind, etc.).
  • Engage in public consultation.
  • Develop a regulatory framework and procurement strategy.
  • Enhance grid and port infrastructure.

Recommendations

• Set short-term and long-term targets for offshore wind development.
• Streamline the regulatory framework to ensure transparent and competitive procurement.
• Incorporate offshore wind into the transmission grid expansion plan.
• Develop a robust supply chain with a focus on local content.
• Engage in regional cooperation with India and other countries.
• Conduct preparatory studies to support project planning and reduce risks.
• Promote public-private partnerships and international financing to de-risk investments.

Conclusion

The Offshore Wind Roadmap for Sri Lanka provides a strategic foundation for the country to harness its abundant offshore wind resources. It highlights the potential for significant economic, environmental, and energy benefits, while also acknowledging the challenges that must be addressed through policy, infrastructure, and supply chain development. The report serves as a guideline for future action and encourages the Government of Sri Lanka to take a proactive role in enabling the growth of this emerging sector.