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Offshore Wind Development Program Summary for Romania

Core Content

This document outlines the Offshore Wind Roadmap for Romania, developed by the World Bank with financial support from the European Union. It provides a comprehensive analysis of offshore wind (OSW) development opportunities in Romania, focusing on two growth scenarios: low growth and high growth. The report emphasizes the potential for OSW to contribute significantly to Romania's energy transition, with a vision of up to 7 GW of OSW capacity by the early 2030s, using well-equipped port facilities and a steel-based supply chain. It also outlines the key conditions, challenges, and recommendations for a successful offshore wind industry in Romania.

Main Viewpoints

1. Energy Transition in Romania

Romania has transitioned from fossil fuel dominance to a significant share of renewable energy (RES) in its electricity supply, with over 45% RES by 2020. The country aims to reach 30.7% RES in gross final energy consumption and 49.4% RES in electricity supply by 2030. These targets are expected to be increased, with the National Resilience and Recovery Plan (NRRP) and Modernisation Fund offering substantial funding support.

2. Offshore Wind Potential

Romania has a sufficient offshore wind resource to support large-scale projects, with potential areas located at least 50 km from shore and in relatively shallow waters. The report highlights that OSW could be a clean, competitively priced, and large-scale electricity source, with the potential to generate long-term jobs and economic benefits.

3. Two Scenarios for Offshore Wind Development

• Low Growth Scenario: Focuses on moderate development of offshore wind, with 3.7 GW of OSW capacity by 2035.
• High Growth Scenario: Envisions more aggressive deployment, with 7 GW of OSW capacity by 2035, significantly boosting local employment and GVA.

The high growth scenario leads to:

• 3.7 times more local FTE job years.
• 3.7 times more local GVA.
• More cost reductions due to economies of scale and technological advancements.

Key Information

4. Key Recommendations for Offshore Wind Development

The report proposes a roadmap for developing the offshore wind industry in Romania, covering the following areas:

• Policy and Legal Framework: Development of a new OSW law defining exploration licensing, leasing, permitting, and offtake frameworks.
• Marine Spatial Planning (MSP): Conducting Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) early, aligning with Good International Industry Practice (GIIP), and ensuring proportionate planning to avoid environmentally and socially sensitive areas.
• Transmission and Port Infrastructure: Upgrading the transmission network and developing ports for construction, manufacturing, and export of offshore wind components.
• Supply Chain Development: Enhancing local content and supply chain capabilities to support both domestic and export projects.
• Finance and Procurement: Establishing clear financing mechanisms, including public and private investments, and streamlined procurement processes.
• Hydrogen Integration: Exploring green hydrogen production as a potential value-added application of offshore wind.
• Skills and Gender Equality: Promoting skills development and gender equality in the industry.

5. Environmental and Social Considerations

• Protected Areas: Most of the Danube Delta coastline and surrounding waters are protected areas, limiting potential development zones.
• Avian Migration Routes: A key uncertainty is the impact on avian migration routes from and to the Danube Delta wetlands.
• Marine Life and Tourism: The impact on marine life, including black sea dolphins and porpoises, and tourism areas must be carefully managed through environmental and social impact assessments (ESIAs).
• Stakeholder Engagement: Consultation with stakeholders, including fishing communities, military bases, and local governments, is essential for social acceptance and project viability.

6. Transmission and Grid Integration

• The transmission network needs significant upgrades to accommodate OSW output and green hydrogen production.
• The integrated hub export system is preferred over radial systems due to efficiency and cost-effectiveness.
• Grid connection and transmission planning are critical for ensuring reliable energy delivery and minimizing costs.

Key Figures and Data

• Total OSW potential: Up to 7 GW of offshore wind capacity.
• CAPEX for high growth scenario: About €19 billion by 2035.
• LCOE trends: Expected to decrease over time, becoming competitive with conventional generation.
• Local FTE job years:
  • Low growth: ~1.5 times per MW.
  • High growth: ~3.7 times more than low growth by 2035.
• Local GVA:
  • Low growth: ~same increase as FTE job years.
  • High growth: ~3.7 times more than low growth.

Summary of Scenarios

Conclusion

Romania has the potential to become a major player in the offshore wind sector, especially in the Black Sea region, due to its favorable geography, existing infrastructure, and policy support. However, environmental and social considerations, such as avian migration routes and marine habitats, must be carefully addressed to ensure sustainable development. A robust policy framework, strategic planning, and international collaboration are essential for realizing the full potential of offshore wind in Romania.