英文_世界银行_交通弹性融资_资源和机会（英）2025_140页_3mb

Transport Resilience Financing Summary

Executive Summary

• Urgent Need for Adaptation: Transport systems face severe climate risks, causing economic and social impacts. Adaptation finance remains fragmented, insufficient, and misaligned with resilience goals.
  • Adaptation finance (2022: $63B) is 1/18th of mitigation finance ($1.15T).
• Transport Resilience Gap: Transport received only 1.6% of adaptation finance, with minimal funding for resilience measures.
  • Projections: $212B/year for adaptation in developing countries by 2030.
• Key Challenges: Limited fiscal space, difficulty measuring resilience benefits, and risk-sharing imbalances.
• Need for Integrated Approaches: Innovations in finance, PPPs, and contracts are critical.

Key Findings: Climate Financing & Public Funds

• Climate Finance Landscape:
  • 42 global facilities analyzed; only 10 focus on adaptation.
  • Transport rarely prioritized; resilience-specific funding is underutilized (e.g., grants dominate).
• Public Funding:
  • 33 public funds reviewed; none explicitly target transport resilience.
  • Road funds, climate funds, and infrastructure funds manage transport projects but lack resilience mandates.
• Tax Measures:
  • Infrastructure levies, carbon taxes, and fuel taxes show potential but implementation challenges persist (e.g., insufficient revenue).

Barriers & Opportunities for Private Sector Participation (PSP)

• Barriers:
  • Legal/regulatory frameworks lack resilience requirements.
  • Limited guidance on quantifying resilience benefits and risk-sharing.
  • Insufficient capacity in government and private sector.
• Opportunities:
  • Case studies (Karachi BRT, Brazil’s CREMA framework) demonstrate resilient design and financing.
  • Performance-Based Contracts (PBCs) incentivize resilience through result-based payments (e.g., flood resilience clauses).

Recommendations: Mobilizing Finance & PPPs

1. Access International Climate Finance:
   • Advocate for MDBs and global funds to prioritize adaptation and transport resilience.
2. Leverage Tax and Public Revenue:
   • Harness fuel taxes, carbon taxes, and land value capture for resilience investments.
3. Embed Resilience in PPPs:
   • Strengthen PPP frameworks with resilience-specific legislation, guidelines, and standardized contracts.
4. Deploy Innovative Financial Instruments:
   • Use blended finance, green bonds, and sustainability-linked instruments to de-risk projects.

Roadmap for Private Sector Participation

The roadmap emphasizes a long-term, systemic shift toward resilient transport through four priorities:

1. Policy & Institutional Capacity: Integrate resilience into national policies, regulations, and PPP frameworks.
2. Project Pipeline Development: Use project preparation funds and contracts to institutionalize resilience.
3. Funding & Financing: Optimize public finance and explore innovative instruments.
4. Monitoring & Reporting: Improve data collection for tracking resilience investments.

Key Takeaways

• Action Areas:
  • Policymakers: Strengthen frameworks, establish dedicated resilience funds.
  • Private Sector: Improve contractual flexibility and risk-sharing mechanisms.
  • Development Partners: Support capacity building and blended finance.

Transport resilience requires coordinated action—combining policy, finance, and innovation—to build adaptive infrastructure and safeguard economies.