IMF-高加索和中亚金融包容性差距剖析（英）-2023.5-34页

报告摘要

Financial Inclusion Gap in Caucasus and Central Asia

Caucusus and Central Asia (CCA) countries show lower financial inclusion compared to Central and Eastern European (CEE) peers, with account ownership rates ranging from 39.5% (Tajikistan) to 81.1% (Kazakhstan) in 2021.

Key Determinants

Lower Financial Development: Lags behind CEE countries.
Lower Human Development: Socio-economic indicators are below CEE levels.
Weak Rule of Law: Institutional quality affects financial inclusion.
Limited Physical Access: Fewer ATMs per adult population.

Individual-Level Analysis

Gender Disparity: Women in CCA are 2-5% less likely to have financial accounts.
Income Inequality: The poorest income groups have lower inclusion rates.
Education: Lower education levels correlate with reduced financial inclusion.
Time Trend: Financial inclusion increased in CCA, but at a slower rate than in CEE.

Fintech Potential

Digital technology, especially mobile accounts and digital transactions, offers opportunities to enhance financial inclusion. Higher mobile phone ownership can drive the adoption of digital financial services.